number,group.no,group,order,family,genus.A,species.A,genus.B,species.B,win.A,win.B,sum.win,binom.test,prop.won,location,interaction.data.reference
1,1,vultures,Accipitriformes,Accipitridae,Gyps,africanus,Gyps,rueppellii,16,14,30,0.855500,0.5333,"Amboseli National Park, Kenya","Anderson, D. J. and R. J. Horwitz. 1979. Competitive interactions among vultures and their avian competitors. Ibis 121:505-509.  "
2,1,vultures,Accipitriformes,Accipitridae,Gyps,africanus,Necrosyrtes,monachus,6,0,6,0.031250,1.0000,"Amboseli National Park, Kenya","Anderson, D. J. and R. J. Horwitz. 1979. Competitive interactions among vultures and their avian competitors. Ibis 121:505-509.  "
3,1,vultures,Accipitriformes,Accipitridae,Gyps,africanus,Necrosyrtes,monachus,9,0,9,0.003906,1.0000,"Kruger National Park, South Africa","König, C. 1983. Interspecific and intraspecific competition for food among Old World vultures. In: Vulture Biology and Management. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA. Pp.153–171.  "
4,1,vultures,Accipitriformes,Accipitridae,Gyps,coprotheres,Gyps,africanus,43,4,47,0.000000,0.9149,"Kruger National Park, South Africa","König, C. 1983. Interspecific and intraspecific competition for food among Old World vultures. In: Vulture Biology and Management. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA. Pp.153–171.  "
5,1,vultures,Accipitriformes,Accipitridae,Gyps,himalayensis,Gyps,bengalensis,6,1,7,0.125000,0.8571,"Gir Forest, Gujarat, India","Grubh, R. B. 1979. Competition and co-existence in griffon vultures: Gyps bengalensis, G. indicus and G. fulvus in Gir Forest. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 75:810-814."
6,1,vultures,Accipitriformes,Accipitridae,Gyps,himalayensis,Gyps,indicus,10,5,15,0.301800,0.6667,"Gir Forest, Gujarat, India","Grubh, R. B. 1979. Competition and co-existence in griffon vultures: Gyps bengalensis, G. indicus and G. fulvus in Gir Forest. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 75:810-814."
7,1,vultures,Accipitriformes,Accipitridae,Gyps,indicus,Gyps,bengalensis,32,20,52,0.126300,0.6154,"Gir Forest, Gujarat, India","Grubh, R. B. 1979. Competition and co-existence in griffon vultures: Gyps bengalensis, G. indicus and G. fulvus in Gir Forest. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 75:810-814."
8,1,vultures,Accipitriformes,Accipitridae,Gyps,rueppellii,Gyps,africanus,43,7,50,0.000000,0.8600,"Serengeti National Park, Tanzania","Kruuk, H. 1967. Competition for food between vultures in east Africa. Ardea 55:171-193."
9,1,vultures,Accipitriformes,Accipitridae,Torgos,tracheliotus,Gyps,africanus,10,2,12,0.038570,0.8333,"Amboseli National Park, Kenya","Anderson, D. J. and R. J. Horwitz. 1979. Competitive interactions among vultures and their avian competitors. Ibis 121:505-509.  "
10,1,vultures,Accipitriformes,Accipitridae,Torgos,tracheliotus,Gyps,africanus,37,1,38,0.000000,0.9737,"Serengeti National Park, Tanzania","Kruuk, H. 1967. Competition for food between vultures in east Africa. Ardea 55:171-193."
11,1,vultures,Accipitriformes,Accipitridae,Torgos,tracheliotus,Gyps,rueppellii,15,1,16,0.000519,0.9375,"Serengeti National Park, Tanzania","Kruuk, H. 1967. Competition for food between vultures in east Africa. Ardea 55:171-193."
12,1,vultures,Accipitriformes,Accipitridae,Torgos,tracheliotus,Trigonoceps,occipitalis,15,0,15,0.000061,1.0000,"Serengeti National Park, Tanzania","Kruuk, H. 1967. Competition for food between vultures in east Africa. Ardea 55:171-193."
13,1,vultures,Accipitriformes,Accipitridae,Trigonoceps,occipitalis,Gyps,africanus,19,1,20,0.000040,0.9500,"Kruger National Park, South Africa","König, C. 1983. Interspecific and intraspecific competition for food among Old World vultures. In: Vulture Biology and Management. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA. Pp.153–171.  "
14,1,vultures,Accipitriformes,Cathartidae,Cathartes,aura,Cathartes,burrovianus,14,0,14,0.000122,1.0000,"Hato Masaguaral, Guárico, Venezuela","Kirk, D. A. 1988. Ecological separation of small cathartid vultures in South America. PhD thesis, University of Glasgow, Scotland."
15,1,vultures,Accipitriformes,Cathartidae,Cathartes,aura,Coragyps,atratus,483,380,863,0.000509,0.5597,northern Peru,"Wallace, M. P. and S. A. Temple. 1987. Competitive interactions within and between species in a guild of avian scavengers. Auk 104:290-295."
16,1,vultures,Accipitriformes,Cathartidae,Cathartes,aura,Coragyps,atratus,169,45,214,0.000000,0.7897,"Hato Masaguarel, Guárico, Venezuela","Houston, D. C. 1988. Competition for food in Neotropical vultures in forest. Ibis 130:402-417; Kirk, D. A. 1988. Ecological separation of small cathartid vultures in South America. PhD thesis, University of Glasgow, Scotland."
17,1,vultures,Accipitriformes,Cathartidae,Cathartes,aura,Coragyps,atratus,72,57,129,0.217600,0.5581,"southern Texas, USA","Buckley, N. J. 1996. Food finding and the influence of information, local enhancement, and communal roosting on foraging success of North American vultures. Auk 113:473-488."
18,1,vultures,Accipitriformes,Cathartidae,Coragyps,atratus,Cathartes,burrovianus,7,2,9,0.179700,0.7778,"Hato Masaguaral, Guárico, Venezuela","Houston, D. C. 1988. Competition for food in Neotropical vultures in forest. Ibis 130:402-417."
19,1,vultures,Accipitriformes,Cathartidae,Sarcoramphus,papa,Cathartes,aura,159,2,161,0.000000,0.9876,"Hato Masaguaral, Guárico, Venezuela","Houston, D. C. 1988. Competition for food in Neotropical vultures in forest. Ibis 130:402-417; Kirk, D. A. 1988. Ecological separation of small cathartid vultures in South America. PhD thesis, University of Glasgow, Scotland."
20,1,vultures,Accipitriformes,Cathartidae,Sarcoramphus,papa,Cathartes,aura,148,0,148,0.000000,1.0000,northern Peru,"Wallace, M. P. and S. A. Temple. 1987. Competitive interactions within and between species in a guild of avian scavengers. Auk 104:290-295."
21,1,vultures,Accipitriformes,Cathartidae,Sarcoramphus,papa,Coragyps,atratus,132,0,132,0.000000,1.0000,"Hato Masaguaral, Guárico, Venezuela","Houston, D. C. 1988. Competition for food in Neotropical vultures in forest. Ibis 130:402-417; Kirk, D. A. 1988. Ecological separation of small cathartid vultures in South America. PhD thesis, University of Glasgow, Scotland."
22,1,vultures,Accipitriformes,Cathartidae,Sarcoramphus,papa,Coragyps,atratus,2121,21,2142,0.000000,0.9902,northern Peru,"Wallace, M. P. and S. A. Temple. 1987. Competitive interactions within and between species in a guild of avian scavengers. Auk 104:290-295."
23,1,vultures,Accipitriformes,Cathartidae,Vultur,gryphus,Cathartes,aura,682,0,682,0.000000,1.0000,northern Peru,"Wallace, M. P. and S. A. Temple. 1987. Competitive interactions within and between species in a guild of avian scavengers. Auk 104:290-295."
24,1,vultures,Accipitriformes,Cathartidae,Vultur,gryphus,Coragyps,atratus,769,49,818,0.000000,0.9401,northern Peru,"Wallace, M. P. and S. A. Temple. 1987. Competitive interactions within and between species in a guild of avian scavengers. Auk 104:290-295."
25,1,vultures,Accipitriformes,Cathartidae,Vultur,gryphus,Sarcoramphus,papa,185,0,185,0.000000,1.0000,northern Peru,"Wallace, M. P. and S. A. Temple. 1987. Competitive interactions within and between species in a guild of avian scavengers. Auk 104:290-295."
26,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Amazilia,beryllina,Amazilia,violiceps,8,0,8,0.007812,1.0000,"Volcán de Colima, Colima, Mexico","DesGranges, J. L. 1977. Interactions among resident and migrant hummingbirds in Mexico. PhD thesis. McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada."
27,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Amazilia,beryllina,Basilinna,leucotis,15,7,22,0.133800,0.6818,"Distrito Federal, Mexico","Martinez Del Rio, C. and L. Eguiarte. 1987. Bird visitation to Agave salmiana: comparisons among hummingbirds and perching birds. Condor 89:357-363."
28,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Amazilia,beryllina,Cynanthus,latirostris,16,0,16,0.000031,1.0000,"Volcán de Colima, Colima, Mexico","DesGranges, J. L. 1977. Interactions among resident and migrant hummingbirds in Mexico. PhD thesis. McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. "
29,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Amazilia,beryllina,Selasphorus,calliope,9,0,9,0.003906,1.0000,"Volcán de Colima, Colima, Mexico","DesGranges, J. L. 1977. Interactions among resident and migrant hummingbirds in Mexico. PhD thesis. McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. "
30,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Amazilia,brevirostris,Chlorestes,notatus,11,0,11,0.000977,1.0000,"Arima Valley, Trinidad","Feinsinger, P., L. A. Swarm, and J. A. Wolfe. 1985. Nectar-feeding birds on Trinidad and Tobago: comparison of diverse and depauperate guilds. Ecological Monographs 55:1-28."
31,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Amazilia,lactea,Chlorostilbon,lucidus,35,4,39,0.000000,0.8974,"Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil","Machado, C. G., A. G. Coelho, C. S. Santana, and M. Rodrigues. 2007. Beija-flores e seus recursos florais em uma área de campo rupestre da Chapada Diamantina, Bahia. Revista Bresileira de Ornitologia 15:267-279; Machado, C. G. 2009. Beija-flores (Aves: Trochilidae) e seus recursos florais em uma área de caatinga da Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brasil. Zoologica 26:255-265."
32,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Amazilia,rutila,Amazilia,beryllina,4,2,6,0.687500,0.6667,"Volcán de Colima, Colima, Mexico","DesGranges, J. L. 1977. Interactions among resident and migrant hummingbirds in Mexico. PhD thesis. McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. "
33,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Amazilia,rutila,Amazilia,saucerrottei,345,67,412,0.000000,0.8374,"Las Cañas/Taboga, Guanacaste, Costa Rica","Wolf, L. L. 1970. The impact of seasonal flowering on the biology of some tropical hummingbirds. Condor 72:1-14; Stiles, F. G. and L. L. Wolf. 1970. Hummingbird territoriality at a tropical flowering tree. Auk 87:467-491."
34,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Amazilia,rutila,Chlorostilbon,canivetii,26,0,26,0.000000,1.0000,"Chamela, Jalisco, Mexico","Arizmendi, M. C., and J. F. Ornelas. 1990. Hummingbirds and their floral resources in a tropical dry forest in Mexico. Biotropica 22:172-180."
35,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Amazilia,rutila,Cynanthus,latirostris,5,1,6,0.218800,0.8333,"Volcán de Colima, Colima, Mexico","DesGranges, J. L. 1977. Interactions among resident and migrant hummingbirds in Mexico. PhD thesis. McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. "
36,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Amazilia,rutila,Cynanthus,latirostris,35,0,35,0.000000,1.0000,"Chamela, Jalisco, Mexico","Arizmendi, M. C., and J. F. Ornelas. 1990. Hummingbirds and their floral resources in a tropical dry forest in Mexico. Biotropica 22:172-180."
37,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Amazilia,rutila,Heliomaster,constantii,36,8,44,0.000025,0.8182,"Chamela, Jalisco, Mexico","Arizmendi, M. C., and J. F. Ornelas. 1990. Hummingbirds and their floral resources in a tropical dry forest in Mexico. Biotropica 22:172-180."
38,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Amazilia,saucerrottei,Archilochus,colubris,14,0,14,0.000122,1.0000,"Las Cañas/Taboga, Guanacaste, Costa Rica","Wolf, L. L. 1970. The impact of seasonal flowering on the biology of some tropical hummingbirds. Condor 72:1-14."
39,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Amazilia,saucerrottei,Calliphlox,bryantae,82,1,83,0.000000,0.9880,"Monteverde, Puntarenas, Costa Rica","Feinsinger, P. 1976. Organization of a tropical guild of nectarivorous birds. Ecological Monographs 46:257-291."
40,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Amazilia,saucerrottei,Chlorostilbon,canivetii,68,1,69,0.000000,0.9855,"Monteverde, Puntarenas, Costa Rica","Feinsinger, P. 1976. Organization of a tropical guild of nectarivorous birds. Ecological Monographs 46:257-291."
41,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Amazilia,saucerrottei,Colibri,thalassinus,27,11,38,0.013850,0.7105,"Monteverde, Puntarenas, Costa Rica","Feinsinger, P. 1976. Organization of a tropical guild of nectarivorous birds. Ecological Monographs 46:257-291."
42,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Amazilia,saucerrottei,Elvira,cupreiceps,8,0,8,0.007812,1.0000,"Monteverde, Puntarenas, Costa Rica","Feinsinger, P. 1976. Organization of a tropical guild of nectarivorous birds. Ecological Monographs 46:257-291."
43,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Amazilia,saucerrottei,Eupherusa,eximia,28,6,34,0.000195,0.8235,"Monteverde, Puntarenas, Costa Rica","Feinsinger, P. 1976. Organization of a tropical guild of nectarivorous birds. Ecological Monographs 46:257-291."
44,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Amazilia,saucerrottei,Hylocharis,eliciae,33,3,36,0.000000,0.9167,"Monteverde, Puntarenas, Costa Rica","Feinsinger, P. 1976. Organization of a tropical guild of nectarivorous birds. Ecological Monographs 46:257-291."
45,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Amazilia,tobaci,Amazilia,brevirostris,32,8,40,0.000182,0.8000,"Arima Valley, Trinidad","Feinsinger, P., L. A. Swarm, and J. A. Wolfe. 1985. Nectar-feeding birds on Trinidad and Tobago: comparison of diverse and depauperate guilds. Ecological Monographs 55:1-28."
46,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Amazilia,tobaci,Chlorestes,notatus,28,0,28,0.000000,1.0000,"Arima Valley, Trinidad","Feinsinger, P., L. A. Swarm, and J. A. Wolfe. 1985. Nectar-feeding birds on Trinidad and Tobago: comparison of diverse and depauperate guilds. Ecological Monographs 55:1-28."
47,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Amazilia,tobaci,Chrysolampis,mosquitus,10,1,11,0.011720,0.9091,"Arima Valley, Trinidad","Feinsinger, P., L. A. Swarm, and J. A. Wolfe. 1985. Nectar-feeding birds on Trinidad and Tobago: comparison of diverse and depauperate guilds. Ecological Monographs 55:1-28."
48,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Amazilia,tobaci,Chrysolampis,mosquitus,84,8,92,0.000000,0.9130,"Hillsborough Dam, Tobago","Feinsinger, P., L. A. Swarm, and J. A. Wolfe. 1985. Nectar-feeding birds on Trinidad and Tobago: comparison of diverse and depauperate guilds. Ecological Monographs 55:1-28."
49,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Amazilia,tobaci,Glaucis,hirsutus,38,0,38,0.000000,1.0000,"Arima Valley, Trinidad","Feinsinger, P., L. A. Swarm, and J. A. Wolfe. 1985. Nectar-feeding birds on Trinidad and Tobago: comparison of diverse and depauperate guilds. Ecological Monographs 55:1-28."
50,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Amazilia,tobaci,Glaucis,hirsutus,42,2,44,0.000000,0.9545,"Hillsborough Dam, Tobago","Feinsinger, P., L. A. Swarm, and J. A. Wolfe. 1985. Nectar-feeding birds on Trinidad and Tobago: comparison of diverse and depauperate guilds. Ecological Monographs 55:1-28."
51,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Amazilia,tobaci,Phaethornis,longuemareus,11,0,11,0.000977,1.0000,"Arima Valley, Trinidad","Feinsinger, P., L. A. Swarm, and J. A. Wolfe. 1985. Nectar-feeding birds on Trinidad and Tobago: comparison of diverse and depauperate guilds. Ecological Monographs 55:1-28."
52,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Amazilia,tzacatl,Amazilia,franciae,38,1,39,0.000000,0.9744,"Mindo, Pinchincha, Ecuador","Martin, P.R. and C.K. Ghalambor. 2014. When David beats Goliath: The advantage of large size in interspecific aggressive contests declines over evolutionary time. PLOS ONE 9(9): e108741."
53,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Amazilia,tzacatl,Amazilia,saucerrottei,7,4,11,0.548800,0.6364,"Monteverde, Puntarenas, Costa Rica","Feinsinger, P. 1976. Organization of a tropical guild of nectarivorous birds. Ecological Monographs 46:257-291."
54,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Amazilia,tzacatl,Discosura,conversii,6,0,6,0.031250,1.0000,"Mindo, Pinchincha, Ecuador","Martin, P.R. and C.K. Ghalambor. 2014. When David beats Goliath: The advantage of large size in interspecific aggressive contests declines over evolutionary time. PLOS ONE 9(9): e108741."
55,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Amazilia,tzacatl,Ocreatus,underwoodii,10,0,10,0.001953,1.0000,"Mindo, Pinchincha, Ecuador","Martin, P.R. and C.K. Ghalambor. 2014. When David beats Goliath: The advantage of large size in interspecific aggressive contests declines over evolutionary time. PLOS ONE 9(9): e108741."
56,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Amazilia,tzacatl,Thalurania,fannyi,32,4,36,0.000002,0.8889,"Mindo, Pinchincha, Ecuador","Martin, P.R. and C.K. Ghalambor. 2014. When David beats Goliath: The advantage of large size in interspecific aggressive contests declines over evolutionary time. PLOS ONE 9(9): e108741."
57,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Amazilia,violiceps,Basilinna,leucotis,9,1,10,0.021480,0.9000,"Distrito Federal, Mexico","Martinez Del Rio, C. and L. Eguiarte. 1987. Bird visitation to Agave salmiana: comparisons among hummingbirds and perching birds. Condor 89:357-363."
58,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Amazilia,violiceps,Cynanthus,latirostris,7,1,8,0.070310,0.8750,"Volcán de Colima, Colima, Mexico","DesGranges, J. L. 1977. Interactions among resident and migrant hummingbirds in Mexico. PhD thesis. McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. "
59,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Amazilia,violiceps,Selasphorus,rufus,4,2,6,0.687500,0.6667,"Guadalupe Canyon, New Mexico/Arizona, USA","Baltosser, W. H. 1989. Nectar availability and habitat selection by hummingbirds in Guadalupe Canyon. Wilson Bulletin 101:559-578."
60,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Anthracothorax,nigricollis,Amazilia,brevirostris,3,3,6,1.000000,0.5000,"Arima Valley, Trinidad","Feinsinger, P., L. A. Swarm, and J. A. Wolfe. 1985. Nectar-feeding birds on Trinidad and Tobago: comparison of diverse and depauperate guilds. Ecological Monographs 55:1-28."
61,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Anthracothorax,nigricollis,Amazilia,tobaci,13,8,21,0.383300,0.6190,"Arima Valley, Trinidad","Feinsinger, P., L. A. Swarm, and J. A. Wolfe. 1985. Nectar-feeding birds on Trinidad and Tobago: comparison of diverse and depauperate guilds. Ecological Monographs 55:1-28."
62,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Anthracothorax,nigricollis,Chlorestes,notatus,13,0,13,0.000244,1.0000,"Arima Valley, Trinidad","Feinsinger, P., L. A. Swarm, and J. A. Wolfe. 1985. Nectar-feeding birds on Trinidad and Tobago: comparison of diverse and depauperate guilds. Ecological Monographs 55:1-28."
63,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Anthracothorax,nigricollis,Chrysolampis,mosquitus,19,4,23,0.002599,0.8261,"Arima Valley, Trinidad","Feinsinger, P., L. A. Swarm, and J. A. Wolfe. 1985. Nectar-feeding birds on Trinidad and Tobago: comparison of diverse and depauperate guilds. Ecological Monographs 55:1-28."
64,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Anthracothorax,nigricollis,Chrysolampis,mosquitus,14,5,19,0.063570,0.7368,"Hillsborough Dam, Tobago","Feinsinger, P., L. A. Swarm, and J. A. Wolfe. 1985. Nectar-feeding birds on Trinidad and Tobago: comparison of diverse and depauperate guilds. Ecological Monographs 55:1-28."
65,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Anthracothorax,nigricollis,Florisuga,mellivora,11,1,12,0.006348,0.9167,"Hillsborough Dam, Tobago","Feinsinger, P., L. A. Swarm, and J. A. Wolfe. 1985. Nectar-feeding birds on Trinidad and Tobago: comparison of diverse and depauperate guilds. Ecological Monographs 55:1-28."
66,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Anthracothorax,nigricollis,Hylocharis,chrysura,5,2,7,0.453100,0.7143,"Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil ","Rodrigues, L. C. and A. C. Araujo. 2011. The hummingbird community and their floral resources in an urban forest remnant in Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology 71:611-622. [dominance relationship corrected from Martin and Ghalambor 2014, where misread from original table]"
67,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Archilochus,alexandri,Calothorax,lucifer,323,3,326,0.000000,0.9908,"Big Bend National Park, Texas, USA","Kuban, J. F., J. Lawley, and R. L. Neill. 1983. The partitioning of flowering century plants by Black-chinned and Lucifer hummingbirds. Southwestern Naturalist 28:143-148."
68,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Archilochus,alexandri,Calypte,costae,15,9,24,0.307500,0.6250,"Santa Monica Mountains, California, USA","Stiles, F. G. 1973. Food supply and the annual cycle of the Anna Hummingbird. University of California Publications in Zoology 97:1-109. "
69,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Basilinna,leucotis,Atthis,heloisa,16,0,16,0.000031,1.0000,"Tlahuiltepa, Hidalgo, Mexico","Lara, C., V. Martínez-García, and R. Ortiz-Pulido. 2011. Temporal-spatial segregation among hummingbirds foraging on honeydew in a temperate forest in Mexico. Current Zoology 57:56-62."
70,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Basilinna,leucotis,Atthis,heloisa,54,0,54,0.000000,1.0000,"Cerro San Felipe, Oaxaca, Mexico","Lyon, D. L. 1976. A montane hummingbird territorial system in Oaxaca, Mexico. Wilson Bulletin 88:280-299."
71,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Basilinna,leucotis,Selasphorus,platycercus,34,4,38,0.000001,0.8947,"Volcán de Colima, Colima, Mexico","DesGranges, J. L. 1977. Interactions among resident and migrant hummingbirds in Mexico. PhD thesis. McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. "
72,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Basilinna,leucotis,Selasphorus,rufus,6,2,8,0.289100,0.7500,"Volcán de Colima, Colima, Mexico","DesGranges, J. L. 1977. Interactions among resident and migrant hummingbirds in Mexico. PhD thesis. McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. "
73,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Boissonneaua,flavescens,Adelomyia,melanogenys,19,0,19,0.000004,1.0000,"Tandayapa, Pinchincha, Ecuador","Martin, P.R. and C.K. Ghalambor. 2014. When David beats Goliath: The advantage of large size in interspecific aggressive contests declines over evolutionary time. PLOS ONE 9(9): e108741."
74,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Boissonneaua,flavescens,Aglaiocercus,coelestis,15,0,15,0.000061,1.0000,"Tandayapa, Pinchincha, Ecuador","Martin, P.R. and C.K. Ghalambor. 2014. When David beats Goliath: The advantage of large size in interspecific aggressive contests declines over evolutionary time. PLOS ONE 9(9): e108741."
75,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Boissonneaua,flavescens,Boissonneaua,matthewsii,10,3,13,0.092290,0.7692,"Guango, Napo, Ecuador","Martin, P.R., unpublished observations"
76,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Boissonneaua,flavescens,Coeligena,torquata,19,0,19,0.000004,1.0000,"Tandayapa, Pinchincha, Ecuador","Martin, P.R. and C.K. Ghalambor. 2014. When David beats Goliath: The advantage of large size in interspecific aggressive contests declines over evolutionary time. PLOS ONE 9(9): e108741."
77,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Boissonneaua,flavescens,Coeligena,wilsoni,7,1,8,0.070310,0.8750,"Tandayapa, Pinchincha, Ecuador","Martin, P.R. and C.K. Ghalambor. 2014. When David beats Goliath: The advantage of large size in interspecific aggressive contests declines over evolutionary time. PLOS ONE 9(9): e108741."
78,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Boissonneaua,flavescens,Colibri,thalassinus,14,0,14,0.000122,1.0000,"Tandayapa, Pinchincha, Ecuador","Martin, P.R. and C.K. Ghalambor. 2014. When David beats Goliath: The advantage of large size in interspecific aggressive contests declines over evolutionary time. PLOS ONE 9(9): e108741."
79,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Boissonneaua,flavescens,Heliangelus,strophianus,7,0,7,0.015630,1.0000,"Tandayapa, Pinchincha, Ecuador","Martin, P.R. and C.K. Ghalambor. 2014. When David beats Goliath: The advantage of large size in interspecific aggressive contests declines over evolutionary time. PLOS ONE 9(9): e108741."
80,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Boissonneaua,flavescens,Heliodoxa,imperatrix,10,0,10,0.001953,1.0000,"Tandayapa, Pinchincha, Ecuador","Martin, P.R. and C.K. Ghalambor. 2014. When David beats Goliath: The advantage of large size in interspecific aggressive contests declines over evolutionary time. PLOS ONE 9(9): e108741."
81,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Boissonneaua,flavescens,Heliodoxa,rubinoides,41,1,42,0.000000,0.9762,"Tandayapa, Pinchincha, Ecuador","Martin, P.R. and C.K. Ghalambor. 2014. When David beats Goliath: The advantage of large size in interspecific aggressive contests declines over evolutionary time. PLOS ONE 9(9): e108741."
82,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Boissonneaua,flavescens,Ocreatus,underwoodii,31,0,31,0.000000,1.0000,"Tandayapa, Pinchincha, Ecuador","Martin, P.R. and C.K. Ghalambor. 2014. When David beats Goliath: The advantage of large size in interspecific aggressive contests declines over evolutionary time. PLOS ONE 9(9): e108741."
83,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Boissonneaua,flavescens,Urosticte,benjamani,7,0,7,0.015630,1.0000,"Tandayapa, Pinchincha, Ecuador","Martin, P.R. and C.K. Ghalambor. 2014. When David beats Goliath: The advantage of large size in interspecific aggressive contests declines over evolutionary time. PLOS ONE 9(9): e108741."
84,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Boissonneaua,jardini,Boissonneaua,flavescens,46,1,47,0.000000,0.9787,"Tandayapa, Pinchincha, Ecuador","Martin, P.R., unpublished observations from Pinchincha province, Ecuador. "
85,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Boissonneaua,jardini,Heliodoxa,imperatrix,6,0,6,0.031250,1.0000,"Tandayapa, Pinchincha, Ecuador","Martin, P.R. and C.K. Ghalambor. 2014. When David beats Goliath: The advantage of large size in interspecific aggressive contests declines over evolutionary time. PLOS ONE 9(9): e108741."
86,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Boissonneaua,jardini,Heliodoxa,rubinoides,19,1,20,0.000040,0.9500,"Tandayapa, Pinchincha, Ecuador","Martin, P.R. and C.K. Ghalambor. 2014. When David beats Goliath: The advantage of large size in interspecific aggressive contests declines over evolutionary time. PLOS ONE 9(9): e108741."
87,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Boissonneaua,jardini,Ocreatus,underwoodii,6,0,6,0.031250,1.0000,"Tandayapa, Pinchincha, Ecuador","Martin, P.R. and C.K. Ghalambor. 2014. When David beats Goliath: The advantage of large size in interspecific aggressive contests declines over evolutionary time. PLOS ONE 9(9): e108741."
88,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Boissonneaua,mathewsii,Coeligena,coeligena,13,0,13,0.000244,1.0000,"San Isidro, Napo, Ecuador","Martin, P.R. and C.K. Ghalambor. 2014. When David beats Goliath: The advantage of large size in interspecific aggressive contests declines over evolutionary time. PLOS ONE 9(9): e108741."
89,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Boissonneaua,mathewsii,Coeligena,torquata,6,2,8,0.289100,0.7500,"Guango/San Isidro, Napo, Ecuador","Martin, P.R. and C.K. Ghalambor. 2014. When David beats Goliath: The advantage of large size in interspecific aggressive contests declines over evolutionary time. PLOS ONE 9(9): e108741."
90,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Boissonneaua,mathewsii,Heliangelus,exortis,10,1,11,0.011720,0.9091,"Guango, Napo, Ecuador","Martin, P.R. and C.K. Ghalambor. 2014. When David beats Goliath: The advantage of large size in interspecific aggressive contests declines over evolutionary time. PLOS ONE 9(9): e108741."
91,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Calothorax,lucifer,Cynanthus,latirostris,6,1,7,0.125000,0.8571,"Volcán de Colima, Colima, Mexico","DesGranges, J. L. 1977. Interactions among resident and migrant hummingbirds in Mexico. PhD thesis. McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. "
92,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Calothorax,lucifer,Selasphorus,platycercus,7,2,9,0.179700,0.7778,"Volcán de Colima, Colima, Mexico","DesGranges, J. L. 1977. Interactions among resident and migrant hummingbirds in Mexico. PhD thesis. McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. "
93,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Calypte,anna,Archilochus,alexandri,34,12,46,0.001641,0.7391,"Santa Monica Mountains, California, USA","Stiles, F. G. 1973. Food supply and the annual cycle of the Anna Hummingbird. University of California Publications in Zoology 97:1-109. "
94,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Calypte,anna,Calypte,costae,23,2,25,0.000019,0.9200,"Santa Monica Mountains, California, USA","Stiles, F. G. 1973. Food supply and the annual cycle of the Anna Hummingbird. University of California Publications in Zoology 97:1-109. "
95,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Calypte,anna,Selasphorus,rufus,19,2,21,0.000221,0.9048,"Santa Monica Mountains, California, USA","Stiles, F. G. 1973. Food supply and the annual cycle of the Anna Hummingbird. University of California Publications in Zoology 97:1-109 (males only). "
96,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Chlorestes,notatus,Chrysolampis,mosquitus,5,3,8,0.726600,0.6250,"Arima Valley, Trinidad","Feinsinger, P., L. A. Swarm, and J. A. Wolfe. 1985. Nectar-feeding birds on Trinidad and Tobago: comparison of diverse and depauperate guilds. Ecological Monographs 55:1-28."
97,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Chlorostilbon,canivetii,Calliphlox,bryantae,6,0,6,0.031250,1.0000,"Monteverde, Puntarenas, Costa Rica","Feinsinger, P. 1976. Organization of a tropical guild of nectarivorous birds. Ecological Monographs 46:257-291."
98,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Chlorostilbon,lucidus,Chrysolampis,mosquitus,11,3,14,0.057370,0.7857,"Serra do Pará, Pernambuco, Brazil","Las-Casas, F. M. G., S. M. Azevedo Júnior, and M. M. Dias Filho. 2012. The community of hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae) and the assemblage of flowers in a Caatinga vegetation. Brazilian Journal of Biology 72:51-58."
99,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Chlorostilbon,lucidus,Heliomaster,squamosus,77,9,86,0.000000,0.8953,"Serra do Pará, Pernambuco, Brazil","Las-Casas, F. M. G., S. M. Azevedo Júnior, and M. M. Dias Filho. 2012. The community of hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae) and the assemblage of flowers in a Caatinga vegetation. Brazilian Journal of Biology 72:51-58."
100,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Chrysolampis,mosquitus,Chlorostilbon,lucidus,17,4,21,0.007197,0.8095,"Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil","Machado, C. G., A. G. Coelho, C. S. Santana, and M. Rodrigues. 2007. Beija-flores e seus recursos florais em uma área de campo rupestre da Chapada Diamantina, Bahia. Revista Bresileira de Ornitologia 15:267-279; Machado, C. G. 2009. Beija-flores (Aves: Trochilidae) e seus recursos florais em uma área de caatinga da Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brasil. Zoologica 26:255-265."
101,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Coeligena,torquata,Coeligena,coeligena,20,0,20,0.000002,1.0000,"San Isidro, Napo, Ecuador","Martin, P.R. and C.K. Ghalambor. 2014. When David beats Goliath: The advantage of large size in interspecific aggressive contests declines over evolutionary time. PLOS ONE 9(9): e108741."
102,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Colibri,coruscans,Colibri,thalassinus,12,0,12,0.000488,1.0000,"San Isidro, Napo, Ecuador","Martin, P.R. and C.K. Ghalambor. 2014. When David beats Goliath: The advantage of large size in interspecific aggressive contests declines over evolutionary time. PLOS ONE 9(9): e108741."
103,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Colibri,serrirostris,Chlorostilbon,lucidus,8,2,10,0.109400,0.8000,"Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil","Machado, C. G., A. G. Coelho, C. S. Santana, and M. Rodrigues. 2007. Beija-flores e seus recursos florais em uma área de campo rupestre da Chapada Diamantina, Bahia. Revista Bresileira de Ornitologia 15:267-279."
104,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Colibri,thalassinus,Adelomyia,melanogenys,11,0,11,0.000977,1.0000,"Tandayapa, Pinchincha, Ecuador","Martin, P.R. and C.K. Ghalambor. 2014. When David beats Goliath: The advantage of large size in interspecific aggressive contests declines over evolutionary time. PLOS ONE 9(9): e108741."
105,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Colibri,thalassinus,Aglaiocercus,coelestis,9,0,9,0.003906,1.0000,"Tandayapa, Pinchincha, Ecuador","Martin, P.R. and C.K. Ghalambor. 2014. When David beats Goliath: The advantage of large size in interspecific aggressive contests declines over evolutionary time. PLOS ONE 9(9): e108741."
106,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Colibri,thalassinus,Calliphlox,bryantae,6,0,6,0.031250,1.0000,"Monteverde, Puntarenas, Costa Rica","Feinsinger, P. 1976. Organization of a tropical guild of nectarivorous birds. Ecological Monographs 46:257-291."
107,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Colibri,thalassinus,Coeligena,wilsoni,6,0,6,0.031250,1.0000,"Tandayapa, Pinchincha, Ecuador","Martin, P.R. and C.K. Ghalambor. 2014. When David beats Goliath: The advantage of large size in interspecific aggressive contests declines over evolutionary time. PLOS ONE 9(9): e108741."
108,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Colibri,thalassinus,Eupherusa,eximia,7,1,8,0.070310,0.8750,"Monteverde, Puntarenas, Costa Rica","Feinsinger, P. 1976. Organization of a tropical guild of nectarivorous birds. Ecological Monographs 46:257-291."
109,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Colibri,thalassinus,Heliodoxa,rubinoides,14,0,14,0.000122,1.0000,"Tandayapa, Pinchincha, Ecuador","Martin, P.R. and C.K. Ghalambor. 2014. When David beats Goliath: The advantage of large size in interspecific aggressive contests declines over evolutionary time. PLOS ONE 9(9): e108741."
110,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Colibri,thalassinus,Selasphorus,platycercus,12,0,12,0.000488,1.0000,"Volcán de Colima, Colima, Mexico","DesGranges, J. L. 1977. Interactions among resident and migrant hummingbirds in Mexico. PhD thesis. McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. "
111,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Colibri,thalassinus,Selasphorus,rufus,6,3,9,0.507800,0.6667,"Volcán de Colima, Colima, Mexico","DesGranges, J. L. 1977. Interactions among resident and migrant hummingbirds in Mexico. PhD thesis. McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. "
112,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Cynanthus,latirostris,Chlorostilbon,canivetii,5,2,7,0.453100,0.7143,"Volcán de Colima, Colima, Mexico","DesGranges, J. L. 1977. Interactions among resident and migrant hummingbirds in Mexico. PhD thesis. McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada."
113,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Eugenes,fulgens,Amazilia,beryllina,14,0,14,0.000122,1.0000,"Distrito Federal, Mexico","Martinez Del Rio, C. and L. Eguiarte. 1987. Bird visitation to Agave salmiana: comparisons among hummingbirds and perching birds. Condor 89:357-363."
114,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Eugenes,fulgens,Amazilia,violiceps,19,13,32,0.377100,0.5938,"Distrito Federal, Mexico","Martinez Del Rio, C. and L. Eguiarte. 1987. Bird visitation to Agave salmiana: comparisons among hummingbirds and perching birds. Condor 89:357-363."
115,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Eugenes,fulgens,Basilinna,leucotis,4,2,6,0.687500,0.6667,"Volcán de Colima, Colima, Mexico","DesGranges, J. L. 1977. Interactions among resident and migrant hummingbirds in Mexico. PhD thesis. McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. "
116,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Eugenes,fulgens,Basilinna,leucotis,482,0,482,0.000000,1.0000,"Cerro San Felipe, Oaxaca, Mexico","Lyon, D. L. 1976. A montane hummingbird territorial system in Oaxaca, Mexico. Wilson Bulletin 88:280-299."
117,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Eugenes,fulgens,Basilinna,leucotis,85,0,85,0.000000,1.0000,"Distrito Federal, Mexico","Martinez Del Rio, C. and L. Eguiarte. 1987. Bird visitation to Agave salmiana: comparisons among hummingbirds and perching birds. Condor 89:357-363."
118,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Eugenes,fulgens,Colibri,thalassinus,15,0,15,0.000061,1.0000,"Tlahuiltepa, Hidalgo, Mexico","Lara, C., V. Martínez-García, and R. Ortiz-Pulido. 2011. Temporal-spatial segregation among hummingbirds foraging on honeydew in a temperate forest in Mexico. Current Zoology 57:56-62."
119,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Eugenes,fulgens,Colibri,thalassinus,29,0,29,0.000000,1.0000,"Cerro San Felipe, Oaxaca, Mexico","Lyon, D. L. 1976. A montane hummingbird territorial system in Oaxaca, Mexico. Wilson Bulletin 88:280-299."
120,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Eugenes,fulgens,Lampornis,amethystinus,24,0,24,0.000000,1.0000,"Cerro San Felipe, Oaxaca, Mexico","Lyon, D. L. 1976. A montane hummingbird territorial system in Oaxaca, Mexico. Wilson Bulletin 88:280-299."
121,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Eulampis,holosericeus,Orthorhyncus,cristatus,19,7,26,0.028960,0.7308,"Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands","Leck, C. F. 1973. Dominance relationships in nectar-feeding birds at St. Croix. Auk 90:431-432."
122,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Eupetomena,macroura,Chlorostilbon,lucidus,214,111,325,0.000000,0.6585,"Serra do Pará, Pernambuco, Brazil","Las-Casas, F. M. G., S. M. Azevedo Júnior, and M. M. Dias Filho. 2012. The community of hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae) and the assemblage of flowers in a Caatinga vegetation. Brazilian Journal of Biology 72:51-58."
123,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Eupetomena,macroura,Heliomaster,squamosus,9,0,9,0.003906,1.0000,"Serra do Pará, Pernambuco, Brazil","Las-Casas, F. M. G., S. M. Azevedo Júnior, and M. M. Dias Filho. 2012. The community of hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae) and the assemblage of flowers in a Caatinga vegetation. Brazilian Journal of Biology 72:51-58."
124,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Eupherusa,eximia,Elvira,cupreiceps,7,0,7,0.015630,1.0000,"Monteverde, Puntarenas, Costa Rica","Feinsinger, P. 1976. Organization of a tropical guild of nectarivorous birds. Ecological Monographs 46:257-291."
125,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Eutoxeres,aquila,Phaethornis,longirostris,7,0,7,0.015630,1.0000,"La Selva, Heredia, Costa Rica","Stiles, F. G. and L. L. Wolf. 1979. Ecology and evolution of lek mating behavior in the Long-tailed Hermit hummingbird. Ornithological Monographs No. 27."
126,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Glaucis,aeneus,Phaethornis,longirostris,15,12,27,0.701100,0.5556,"La Selva, Heredia, Costa Rica","Stiles, F. G. and L. L. Wolf. 1979. Ecology and evolution of lek mating behavior in the Long-tailed Hermit hummingbird. Ornithological Monographs No. 27."
127,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Heliangelus,exortis,Adelomyia,melanogenys,6,1,7,0.125000,0.8571,"Guango, Napo, Ecuador","Martin, P.R. and C.K. Ghalambor. 2014. When David beats Goliath: The advantage of large size in interspecific aggressive contests declines over evolutionary time. PLOS ONE 9(9): e108741."
128,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Heliangelus,exortis,Aglaiocercus,kingi,10,0,10,0.001953,1.0000,"Guango, Napo, Ecuador","Martin, P.R. and C.K. Ghalambor. 2014. When David beats Goliath: The advantage of large size in interspecific aggressive contests declines over evolutionary time. PLOS ONE 9(9): e108741."
129,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Heliangelus,exortis,Metallura,tyrianthina,18,0,18,0.000008,1.0000,"Guango, Napo, Ecuador","Martin, P.R. and C.K. Ghalambor. 2014. When David beats Goliath: The advantage of large size in interspecific aggressive contests declines over evolutionary time. PLOS ONE 9(9): e108741."
130,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Heliodoxa,imperatrix,Amazilia,franciae,7,0,7,0.015630,1.0000,"Mindo, Pinchincha, Ecuador","Martin, P.R. and C.K. Ghalambor. 2014. When David beats Goliath: The advantage of large size in interspecific aggressive contests declines over evolutionary time. PLOS ONE 9(9): e108741."
131,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Heliodoxa,imperatrix,Amazilia,tzacatl,13,1,14,0.001831,0.9286,"Mindo, Pinchincha, Ecuador","Martin, P.R. and C.K. Ghalambor. 2014. When David beats Goliath: The advantage of large size in interspecific aggressive contests declines over evolutionary time. PLOS ONE 9(9): e108741."
132,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Heliodoxa,imperatrix,Heliodoxa,rubinoides,10,4,14,0.179600,0.7143,"Tandayapa, Pinchincha, Ecuador","Martin, P.R. and C.K. Ghalambor. 2014. When David beats Goliath: The advantage of large size in interspecific aggressive contests declines over evolutionary time. PLOS ONE 9(9): e108741."
133,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Heliodoxa,jacula,Amazilia,franciae,11,0,11,0.000977,1.0000,"Mindo, Pinchincha, Ecuador","Martin, P.R. and C.K. Ghalambor. 2014. When David beats Goliath: The advantage of large size in interspecific aggressive contests declines over evolutionary time. PLOS ONE 9(9): e108741."
134,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Heliodoxa,jacula,Amazilia,tzacatl,9,1,10,0.021480,0.9000,"Mindo, Pinchincha, Ecuador","Martin, P.R. and C.K. Ghalambor. 2014. When David beats Goliath: The advantage of large size in interspecific aggressive contests declines over evolutionary time. PLOS ONE 9(9): e108741."
135,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Heliodoxa,jacula,Phaethornis,yaruqui,11,1,12,0.006348,0.9167,"Mindo, Pinchincha, Ecuador","Martin, P.R. and C.K. Ghalambor. 2014. When David beats Goliath: The advantage of large size in interspecific aggressive contests declines over evolutionary time. PLOS ONE 9(9): e108741."
136,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Heliodoxa,jacula,Thalurania,fannyi,27,1,28,0.000000,0.9643,"Mindo, Pinchincha, Ecuador","Martin, P.R. and C.K. Ghalambor. 2014. When David beats Goliath: The advantage of large size in interspecific aggressive contests declines over evolutionary time. PLOS ONE 9(9): e108741."
137,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Heliodoxa,rubinoides,Aglaiocercus,coelestis,6,1,7,0.125000,0.8571,"Tandayapa, Pinchincha, Ecuador","Martin, P.R. and C.K. Ghalambor. 2014. When David beats Goliath: The advantage of large size in interspecific aggressive contests declines over evolutionary time. PLOS ONE 9(9): e108741."
138,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Hylocharis,chrysura,Chlorostilbon,lucidus,16,10,26,0.326900,0.6154,"Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil ","Rodrigues, L. C. and A. C. Araujo. 2011. The hummingbird community and their floral resources in an urban forest remnant in Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology 71:611-622. [dominance relationship corrected from Martin and Ghalambor 2014, where misread from original table]"
139,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Hylocharis,eliciae,Calliphlox,bryantae,12,1,13,0.003418,0.9231,"Monteverde, Puntarenas, Costa Rica","Feinsinger, P. 1976. Organization of a tropical guild of nectarivorous birds. Ecological Monographs 46:257-291."
140,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Hylocharis,eliciae,Eupherusa,eximia,6,1,7,0.125000,0.8571,"Monteverde, Puntarenas, Costa Rica","Feinsinger, P. 1976. Organization of a tropical guild of nectarivorous birds. Ecological Monographs 46:257-291."
141,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Lampornis,calolaemus,Amazilia,saucerrottei,15,0,15,0.000061,1.0000,"Monteverde, Puntarenas, Costa Rica","Feinsinger, P. 1976. Organization of a tropical guild of nectarivorous birds. Ecological Monographs 46:257-291."
142,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Lampornis,calolaemus,Calliphlox,bryantae,9,0,9,0.003906,1.0000,"Monteverde, Puntarenas, Costa Rica","Feinsinger, P. 1976. Organization of a tropical guild of nectarivorous birds. Ecological Monographs 46:257-291."
143,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Lampornis,clemenciae,Archilochus,alexandri,71,0,71,0.000000,1.0000,"Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona, USA","Lyon, D. L., J. Crandall, and M. McKone. 1977. A test of the adaptiveness of interspecific territoriality in the Blue-throated Hummingbird. Auk 94:448-454; Powers, D. R. and T. M. Conley. 1994. Field metabolic rate and food consumption of two sympatric hummingbird species in southeastern Arizona. Condor 96:141-150."
144,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Lampornis,clemenciae,Basilinna,leucotis,1012,0,1012,0.000000,1.0000,"Cerro San Felipe, Oaxaca, Mexico","Lyon, D. L. 1976. A montane hummingbird territorial system in Oaxaca, Mexico. Wilson Bulletin 88:280-299."
145,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Lampornis,clemenciae,Basilinna,leucotis,12,0,12,0.000488,1.0000,"Distrito Federal, Mexico","Martinez Del Rio, C. and L. Eguiarte. 1987. Bird visitation to Agave salmiana: comparisons among hummingbirds and perching birds. Condor 89:357-363."
146,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Lampornis,clemenciae,Colibri,thalassinus,36,0,36,0.000000,1.0000,"Cerro San Felipe, Oaxaca, Mexico","Lyon, D. L. 1976. A montane hummingbird territorial system in Oaxaca, Mexico. Wilson Bulletin 88:280-299."
147,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Lampornis,clemenciae,Eugenes,fulgens,439,407,846,0.286500,0.5189,"Cerro San Felipe, Oaxaca, Mexico","Lyon, D. L. 1976. A montane hummingbird territorial system in Oaxaca, Mexico. Wilson Bulletin 88:280-299."
148,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Lampornis,clemenciae,Eugenes,fulgens,79,0,79,0.000000,1.0000,"Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona, USA","Lyon, D. L., J. Crandall, and M. McKone. 1977. A test of the adaptiveness of interspecific territoriality in the Blue-throated Hummingbird. Auk 94:448-454."
149,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Lampornis,clemenciae,Eugenes,fulgens,7,0,7,0.015630,1.0000,"Distrito Federal, Mexico","Martinez Del Rio, C. and L. Eguiarte. 1987. Bird visitation to Agave salmiana: comparisons among hummingbirds and perching birds. Condor 89:357-363."
150,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Lampornis,clemenciae,Lampornis,amethystinus,45,0,45,0.000000,1.0000,"Cerro San Felipe, Oaxaca, Mexico","Lyon, D. L. 1976. A montane hummingbird territorial system in Oaxaca, Mexico. Wilson Bulletin 88:280-299."
151,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Panterpe,insignis,Eugenes,fulgens,24,0,24,0.000000,1.0000,"Villa Mills, Costa Rica","Wolf, L. L. and F. G. Stiles. 1970. Evolution of pair cooperation in a tropical hummingbird. Evolution 24:759-773."
152,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Panterpe,insignis,Selasphorus,flammula,33,0,33,0.000000,1.0000,"Villa Mills, Costa Rica","Wolf, L. L. and F. G. Stiles. 1970. Evolution of pair cooperation in a tropical hummingbird. Evolution 24:759-773."
153,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Patagona,gigas,Colibri,coruscans,15,2,17,0.002350,0.8824,"Huacarpay, Cuzco, Peru","Altshuler, D. L., F. G. Stiles, and R. Dudley. 2004. Of hummingbirds and helicopters: hovering costs, competitive ability, and foraging strategies. American Naturalist 163:16-25."
154,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Phaeochroa,cuvierii,Amazilia,rutila,44,3,47,0.000000,0.9362,"Las Cañas/Taboga, Guanacaste, Costa Rica","Wolf, L. L. 1970. The impact of seasonal flowering on the biology of some tropical hummingbirds. Condor 72:1-14."
155,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Phaeochroa,cuvierii,Amazilia,saucerrottei,46,0,46,0.000000,1.0000,"Las Cañas/Taboga, Guanacaste, Costa Rica","Wolf, L. L. 1970. The impact of seasonal flowering on the biology of some tropical hummingbirds. Condor 72:1-14."
156,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Phaethornis,guy,Chlorestes,notatus,15,0,15,0.000061,1.0000,"Arima Valley, Trinidad","Feinsinger, P., L. A. Swarm, and J. A. Wolfe. 1985. Nectar-feeding birds on Trinidad and Tobago: comparison of diverse and depauperate guilds. Ecological Monographs 55:1-28."
157,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Phaethornis,longirostris,Phaethornis,striigularis,10,0,10,0.001953,1.0000,"La Selva, Heredia, Costa Rica","Stiles, F. G. and L. L. Wolf. 1979. Ecology and evolution of lek mating behavior in the Long-tailed Hermit hummingbird. Ornithological Monographs No. 27."
158,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Phaethornis,longirostris,Threnetes,ruckeri,7,4,11,0.548800,0.6364,"La Selva, Heredia, Costa Rica","Stiles, F. G. and L. L. Wolf. 1979. Ecology and evolution of lek mating behavior in the Long-tailed Hermit hummingbird. Ornithological Monographs No. 27."
159,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Selasphorus,rufus,Archilochus,alexandri,7,0,7,0.015630,1.0000,"Guadalupe Canyon, New Mexico/Arizona, USA","Baltosser, W. H. 1989. Nectar availability and habitat selection by hummingbirds in Guadalupe Canyon. Wilson Bulletin 101:559-578."
160,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Selasphorus,rufus,Archilochus,alexandri,5,1,6,0.218800,0.8333,"Santa Monica Mountains, California, USA","Stiles, F. G. 1973. Food supply and the annual cycle of the Anna Hummingbird. University of California Publications in Zoology 97:1-109 (males only). "
161,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Selasphorus,rufus,Cynanthus,latirostris,5,3,8,0.726600,0.6250,"Guadalupe Canyon, New Mexico/Arizona, USA","Baltosser, W. H. 1989. Nectar availability and habitat selection by hummingbirds in Guadalupe Canyon. Wilson Bulletin 101:559-578."
162,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Selasphorus,rufus,Selasphorus,calliope,14,0,14,0.000122,1.0000,"Santa Monica Mountains, California, USA","Stiles, F. G. 1973. Food supply and the annual cycle of the Anna Hummingbird. University of California Publications in Zoology 97:1-109. "
163,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Selasphorus,rufus,Selasphorus,platycercus,95,8,103,0.000000,0.9223,"Volcán de Colima, Colima, Mexico","DesGranges, J. L. 1977. Interactions among resident and migrant hummingbirds in Mexico. PhD thesis. McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. "
164,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Selasphorus,sasin,Calypte,anna,184,82,266,0.000000,0.6917,"Napa County, California, USA","Van Vuren, D. 1983. Temporal feeding patterns and interspecific aggression of Anna's and Allen's hummingbirds. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Science 82:149-151."
165,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Thalurania,fannyi,Amazilia,franciae,6,0,6,0.031250,1.0000,"Mindo, Pinchincha, Ecuador","Martin, P.R. and C.K. Ghalambor. 2014. When David beats Goliath: The advantage of large size in interspecific aggressive contests declines over evolutionary time. PLOS ONE 9(9): e108741."
166,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Thalurania,fannyi,Discosura,conversii,11,0,11,0.000977,1.0000,"Mindo, Pinchincha, Ecuador","Martin, P.R. and C.K. Ghalambor. 2014. When David beats Goliath: The advantage of large size in interspecific aggressive contests declines over evolutionary time. PLOS ONE 9(9): e108741."
167,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Thalurania,furcata,Chrysuronia,oenone,6,0,6,0.031250,1.0000,"Amazonia, se Peru","Altshuler, D. L., F. G. Stiles, and R. Dudley. 2004. Of hummingbirds and helicopters: hovering costs, competitive ability, and foraging strategies. American Naturalist 163:16-25."
168,2,hummingbirds,Apodiformes,Trochilidae,Thalurania,furcata,Hylocharis,chrysura,3,3,6,1.000000,0.5000,"Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil","Rodrigues, L. C. and A. C. Araujo. 2011. The hummingbird community and their floral resources in an urban forest remnant in Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology 71:611-622."
169,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Dendrocolaptidae,Dendrocincla,fuliginosa,Xiphorhynchus,spixii,7,3,10,0.343800,0.7000,"Belém, Pará, Brazil","Willis, E. O. 1983. Cis-Andean Xiphorhynchus and relatives (Aves, Dendrocolaptidae) as army ant followers. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 43: 133-142."
170,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Dendrocolaptidae,Dendrocincla,merula,Dendrocincla,fuliginosa,8,0,8,0.007812,1.0000,"Manu National Park, Peru","Pierpoint, N. 1986. Interspecific aggression and the ecology of woodcreepers (Aves: Dendrocolaptidae). Dissertation, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA."
171,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Dendrocolaptidae,Dendrocincla,merula,Dendrocincla,fuliginosa,31,4,35,0.000003,0.8857,"Belém, Pará, Brazil","Willis, E. O. 1979. Behavior and ecology of two forms of White-chinned Woodcreepers (Dendrocincla merula, Dendrocolaptidae) in Amazonia. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 33:27-66."
172,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Dendrocolaptidae,Dendrocincla,merula,Dendrocincla,fuliginosa,24,0,24,0.000000,1.0000,"Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil","Willis, E. O. 1979. Behavior and ecology of two forms of White-chinned Woodcreepers (Dendrocincla merula, Dendrocolaptidae) in Amazonia. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 33:27-66."
173,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Dendrocolaptidae,Dendrocolaptes,certhia,Dendrocincla,fuliginosa,46,0,46,0.000000,1.0000,"Belém, Pará, Brazil","Willis, E. O. 1992. Comportamiento e ecologia do arapacu-barrado Dendrocolaptes certhia (Aves: Dendrocolaptidae). Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Série Zoologia 8: 151–216."
174,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Dendrocolaptidae,Dendrocolaptes,certhia,Dendrocincla,fuliginosa,42,0,42,0.000000,1.0000,"Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil","Willis, E. O. 1992. Comportamiento e ecologia do arapacu-barrado Dendrocolaptes certhia (Aves: Dendrocolaptidae). Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Série Zoologia 8: 151–216."
175,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Dendrocolaptidae,Dendrocolaptes,certhia,Dendrocincla,merula,8,0,8,0.007812,1.0000,"Belém, Pará, Brazil","Willis, E. O. 1992. Comportamiento e ecologia do arapacu-barrado Dendrocolaptes certhia (Aves: Dendrocolaptidae). Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Série Zoologia 8: 151–216."
176,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Dendrocolaptidae,Dendrocolaptes,picumnus,Dendrocincla,fuliginosa,181,0,181,0.000000,1.0000,"Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil","Willis, E. O. 1982. The behavior of Black-banded Woodcreepers (Dendrocolaptes picumnus). Condor 84:272-285. "
177,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Dendrocolaptidae,Dendrocolaptes,picumnus,Dendrocincla,merula,57,0,57,0.000000,1.0000,"Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil","Willis, E. O. 1982. The behavior of Black-banded Woodcreepers (Dendrocolaptes picumnus). Condor 84:272-285. "
178,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Dendrocolaptidae,Dendrocolaptes,picumnus,Dendrocolaptes,certhia,61,0,61,0.000000,1.0000,"Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil","Willis, E. O. 1982. The behavior of Black-banded Woodcreepers (Dendrocolaptes picumnus). Condor 84:272-285. "
179,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Dendrocolaptidae,Dendrocolaptes,picumnus,Xiphorhynchus,pardalotus,24,4,28,0.000180,0.8571,"Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil","Willis, E. O. 1982. The behavior of Black-banded Woodcreepers (Dendrocolaptes picumnus). Condor 84:272-285. "
180,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Dendrocolaptidae,Dendrocolaptes,sanctithomae,Dendrocincla,anabatina,9,0,9,0.003906,1.0000,"Golfito, Puntarenas, Costa Rica","Willis, E. O. 1983. Three Dendrocincla woodcreepers (Aves, Dendrocolaptidae) as army ant followers. Ciência e Cultura 35: 201-204."
181,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Dendrocolaptidae,Dendrocolaptes,sanctithomae,Dendrocincla,fuliginosa,157,0,157,0.000000,1.0000,"Barro Colorado Island, Panama ","Willis, E. O. 1972. The behavior of Plain-brown Woodcreepers, Dendrocincla fuliginosa. Wilson Bulletin 84:377-420."
182,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Dendrocolaptidae,Dendrocolaptes,sanctithomae,Xiphorhynchus,lachrymosus,7,2,9,0.179700,0.7778,"Barro Colorado Island, Panama ","Willis, E. O. 1983. Trans-Andean Xiphorhynchus (Aves, Dendrocolaptidae) as army ant followers. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 43:125-131."
183,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Dendrocolaptidae,Dendrocolaptes,sanctithomae,Xiphorhynchus,susurrans,13,2,15,0.007385,0.8667,"Barro Colorado Island, Panama ","Willis, E. O. 1983. Trans-Andean Xiphorhynchus (Aves, Dendrocolaptidae) as army ant followers. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 43:125-131."
184,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Dendrocolaptidae,Hylexetastes,perrotii,Dendrocincla,fuliginosa,55,0,55,0.000000,1.0000,"Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil","Willis, E. O. 1982. The behavior of Red-billed Woodcreepers (Hylexetastes perrottii). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 42:655-666."
185,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Dendrocolaptidae,Hylexetastes,perrotii,Dendrocincla,merula,21,0,21,0.000001,1.0000,"Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil","Willis, E. O. 1982. The behavior of Red-billed Woodcreepers (Hylexetastes perrottii). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 42:655-666."
186,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Dendrocolaptidae,Hylexetastes,perrotii,Dendrocolaptes,certhia,10,0,10,0.001953,1.0000,"Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil","Willis, E. O. 1992. Comportamiento e ecologia do arapacu-barrado Dendrocolaptes certhia (Aves: Dendrocolaptidae). Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Série Zoologia 8: 151–216."
187,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Dendrocolaptidae,Hylexetastes,perrotii,Dendrocolaptes,picumnus,58,0,58,0.000000,1.0000,"Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil","Willis, E. O. 1982. The behavior of Red-billed Woodcreepers (Hylexetastes perrottii). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 42:655-666; Willis, E. O. 1982. The behavior of Black-banded Woodcreepers (Dendrocolaptes picumnus). Condor 84:272-285. "
188,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Dendrocolaptidae,Hylexetastes,perrotii,Xiphorhynchus,pardalotus,8,0,8,0.007812,1.0000,"Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil","Willis, E. O. 1982. The behavior of Red-billed Woodcreepers (Hylexetastes perrottii). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 42:655-666."
189,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Dendrocolaptidae,Nasica,longirostris,Dendrocolaptes,picumnus,8,0,8,0.007812,1.0000,"Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil","Willis, E. O. 1982. The behavior of Black-banded Woodcreepers (Dendrocolaptes picumnus). Condor 84:272-285. "
190,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Dendrocolaptidae,Xiphorhynchus,elegans,Xiphorhynchus,obsoletus,8,0,8,0.007812,1.0000,"Manu National Park, Peru","Pierpoint, N. 1986. Interspecific aggression and the ecology of woodcreepers (Aves: Dendrocolaptidae). Dissertation, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA."
191,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Dendrocolaptidae,Xiphorhynchus,elegans,Xiphorhynchus,ocellatus,22,7,29,0.008130,0.7586,"Manu National Park, Peru","Pierpoint, N. 1986. Interspecific aggression and the ecology of woodcreepers (Aves: Dendrocolaptidae). Dissertation, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA."
192,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Dendrocolaptidae,Xiphorhynchus,guttatus,Dendrocincla,fuliginosa,31,0,31,0.000000,1.0000,"Belém, Pará, Brazil","Willis, E. O. 1983. Cis-Andean Xiphorhynchus and relatives (Aves, Dendrocolaptidae) as army ant followers. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 43: 133-142."
193,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Dendrocolaptidae,Xiphorhynchus,guttatus,Dendrocincla,merula,7,0,7,0.015630,1.0000,"Belém, Pará, Brazil","Willis, E. O. 1979. Behavior and ecology of two forms of White-chinned Woodcreepers (Dendrocincla merula, Dendrocolaptidae) in Amazonia. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 33:27-66."
194,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Dendrocolaptidae,Xiphorhynchus,guttatus,Dendrocolaptes,certhia,11,3,14,0.057370,0.7857,"Belém, Pará, Brazil","Willis, E. O. 1992. Comportamiento e ecologia do arapacu-barrado Dendrocolaptes certhia (Aves: Dendrocolaptidae). Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Série Zoologia 8: 151–216."
195,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Dendrocolaptidae,Xiphorhynchus,guttatus,Xiphorhynchus,ocellatus,9,0,9,0.003906,1.0000,"Manu National Park, Peru","Pierpoint, N. 1986. Interspecific aggression and the ecology of woodcreepers (Aves: Dendrocolaptidae). Dissertation, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA."
196,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Dendrocolaptidae,Xiphorhynchus,guttatus,Xiphorhynchus,spixii,8,0,8,0.007812,1.0000,"Belém, Pará, Brazil","Willis, E. O. 1983. Cis-Andean Xiphorhynchus and relatives (Aves, Dendrocolaptidae) as army ant followers. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 43: 133-142."
197,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Dendrocolaptidae,Xiphorhynchus,lachrymosus,Dendrocincla,fuliginosa,51,0,51,0.000000,1.0000,"Barro Colorado Island, Panama ","Willis, E. O. 1972. The behavior of Plain-brown Woodcreepers, Dendrocincla fuliginosa. Wilson Bulletin 84:377-420."
198,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Dendrocolaptidae,Xiphorhynchus,lachrymosus,Xiphorhynchus,susurrans,20,6,26,0.009355,0.7692,"Barro Colorado Island, Panama ","Willis, E. O. 1983. Trans-Andean Xiphorhynchus (Aves, Dendrocolaptidae) as army ant followers. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 43:125-131."
199,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Dendrocolaptidae,Xiphorhynchus,pardalotus,Dendrocincla,fuliginosa,21,4,25,0.000911,0.8400,"Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil","Willis, E. O. 1983. Cis-Andean Xiphorhynchus and relatives (Aves, Dendrocolaptidae) as army ant followers. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 43: 133-142."
200,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Dendrocolaptidae,Xiphorhynchus,pardalotus,Dendrocolaptes,certhia,9,8,17,1.000000,0.5294,"Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil","Willis, E. O. 1983. Cis-Andean Xiphorhynchus and relatives (Aves, Dendrocolaptidae) as army ant followers. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 43: 133-142; Willis, E. O. 1992. Comportamiento e ecologia do arapacu-barrado Dendrocolaptes certhia (Aves: Dendrocolaptidae). Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Série Zoologia 8: 151–216."
201,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Dendrocolaptidae,Xiphorhynchus,susurrans,Dendrocincla,fuliginosa,97,0,97,0.000000,1.0000,"Barro Colorado Island, Panama ","Willis, E. O. 1983. Trans-Andean Xiphorhynchus (Aves, Dendrocolaptidae) as army ant followers. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 43:125-131."
202,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Thamnophilidae,Gymnopithys,leucaspis,Gymnopithys,lunulatus,6,0,6,0.031250,1.0000,"Putuimi, Morona-Santiago, Ecuador","Willis, E. O. 1968. Studies of the behavior of Lunulated and Salvin's antbirds. Condor 70:128-148."
203,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Thamnophilidae,Gymnopithys,leucaspis,Hylophylax,naevioides,691,0,691,0.000000,1.0000,"Barro Colorado Island, Panama ","Willis, E. O. 1972. The behavior of Spotted Antbirds. Ornithological Monographs No. 10."
204,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Thamnophilidae,Gymnopithys,leucaspis,Myrmeciza,exsul,28,0,28,0.000000,1.0000,"Barro Colorado Island, Panama ","Willis, E. O. and Y. Oniki. 1972. Ecology and nesting behavior of the Chestnut-backed Antbird (Myrmeciza exsul). Condor 74:87-98."
205,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Thamnophilidae,Gymnopithys,leucaspis,Thamnophilus,atrinucha,7,0,7,0.015630,1.0000,"Barro Colorado Island, Panama ","Willis, E. O. 1967. The behavior of Bicolored Antbirds. University of California Publications in Zoology 79:1-132."
206,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Thamnophilidae,Gymnopithys,lunulatus,Willisornis,poecilinotus,9,0,9,0.003906,1.0000,"Yarinacocha, Ucayali, Peru","Willis, E. O. 1968. Studies of the behavior of Lunulated and Salvin's antbirds. Condor 70:128-148."
207,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Thamnophilidae,Gymnopithys,rufigula,Percnostola,rufifrons,171,1,172,0.000000,0.9942,"Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil","Willis, E. O. 1982. The behavior of Black-headed Antbirds (Percnostola rufifrons) (Formicariidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 42:233-247."
208,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Thamnophilidae,Gymnopithys,rufigula,Pithys,albifrons,1964,0,1964,0.000000,1.0000,"Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil","Willis, E. O. 1981. Diversity in adversity: the behaviors of two subordinate antbirds. Arquivos de Zoologia 30:159-234."
209,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Thamnophilidae,Gymnopithys,rufigula,Willisornis,poecilinotus,8,0,8,0.007812,1.0000,"Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil","Willis, E. O. 1982. The behavior of Scale-backed Antbirds. Wilson Bulletin 94:447-462."
210,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Thamnophilidae,Myrmeciza,exsul,Hylophylax,naevioides,56,0,56,0.000000,1.0000,"Barro Colorado Island, Panama ","Willis, E. O. and Y. Oniki. 1972. Ecology and nesting behavior of the Chestnut-backed Antbird (Myrmeciza exsul). Condor 74:87-98."
211,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Thamnophilidae,Myrmeciza,fortis,Gymnopithys,lunulatus,17,0,17,0.000015,1.0000,"Putuimi, Morona-Santiago, Ecuador","Willis, E. O. 1968. Studies of the behavior of Lunulated and Salvin's antbirds. Condor 70:128-148."
212,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Thamnophilidae,Myrmeciza,fortis,Gymnopithys,salvini,31,0,31,0.000000,1.0000,"Manu National Park, Peru","Willson, S. K. 2004. Obligate army-ant-following birds: a study of ecology, spatial movement patterns, and behavior in Amazonian Peru. Ornithological Monographs No. 55."
213,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Thamnophilidae,Myrmeciza,fortis,Rhegmatorhina,melanosticta,61,4,65,0.000000,0.9385,"Manu National Park, Peru","Willson, S. K. 2004. Obligate army-ant-following birds: a study of ecology, spatial movement patterns, and behavior in Amazonian Peru. Ornithological Monographs No. 55."
214,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Thamnophilidae,Percnostola,rufifrons,Pithys,albifrons,100,0,100,0.000000,1.0000,"Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil","Willis, E. O. 1982. The behavior of Black-headed Antbirds (Percnostola rufifrons) (Formicariidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 42:233-247."
215,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Thamnophilidae,Phaenostictus,mcleannani,Gymnopithys,leucaspis,2825,3,2828,0.000000,0.9989,"Barro Colorado Island, Panama ","Willis, E. O. 1973. The behavior of Ocellated Antbirds. Smithsonian Institution Contributions to Zoology No. 144."
216,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Thamnophilidae,Phaenostictus,mcleannani,Hylophylax,naevioides,152,0,152,0.000000,1.0000,"Barro Colorado Island, Panama ","Willis, E. O. 1972. The behavior of Spotted Antbirds. Ornithological Monographs No. 10."
217,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Thamnophilidae,Phaenostictus,mcleannani,Myrmeciza,exsul,15,0,15,0.000061,1.0000,"Barro Colorado Island, Panama ","Willis, E. O. and Y. Oniki. 1972. Ecology and nesting behavior of the Chestnut-backed Antbird (Myrmeciza exsul). Condor 74:87-98."
218,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Thamnophilidae,Phaenostictus,mcleannani,Thamnophilus,atrinucha,5,3,8,0.726600,0.6250,"Barro Colorado Island, Panama ","Willis, E. O. 1973. The behavior of Ocellated Antbirds. Smithsonian Institution Contributions to Zoology No. 144."
219,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Thamnophilidae,Phlegopsis,borbae,Rhegmatorhina,hoffmannsi,14,0,14,0.000122,1.0000,"Coatá, Amazonas, Brazil","Willis, E. O. 1968. Taxonomy and behavior of Pale-faced Antbirds. Auk 85:253-264."
220,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Thamnophilidae,Phlegopsis,nigromaculata,Gymnopithys,lunulatus,46,0,46,0.000000,1.0000,"Yarinacocha, Ucayali, Peru","Willis, E. O. 1968. Studies of the behavior of Lunulated and Salvin's antbirds. Condor 70:128-148."
221,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Thamnophilidae,Phlegopsis,nigromaculata,Gymnopithys,salvini,27,2,29,0.000002,0.9310,"Manu National Park, Peru","Willson, S. K. 2004. Obligate army-ant-following birds: a study of ecology, spatial movement patterns, and behavior in Amazonian Peru. Ornithological Monographs No. 55."
222,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Thamnophilidae,Phlegopsis,nigromaculata,Myrmeciza,fortis,13,2,15,0.007385,0.8667,"Manu National Park, Peru","Willson, S. K. 2004. Obligate army-ant-following birds: a study of ecology, spatial movement patterns, and behavior in Amazonian Peru. Ornithological Monographs No. 55."
223,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Thamnophilidae,Phlegopsis,nigromaculata,Pyriglena,leuconota,1328,2,1330,0.000000,0.9985,"Belém, Pará, Brazil","Willis, E. O. 1981. Diversity in adversity: the behaviors of two subordinate antbirds. Arquivos de Zoologia 30:159-234."
224,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Thamnophilidae,Phlegopsis,nigromaculata,Rhegmatorhina,berlepschi,20,0,20,0.000002,1.0000,"Maloquinha, Pará, Brazil","Willis, E. O. 1969. On the behavior of five species of Rhegmatorhina, ant-following antbirds of the Amazon Basin. Wilson Bulletin 81:363-395."
225,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Thamnophilidae,Phlegopsis,nigromaculata,Rhegmatorhina,hoffmannsi,14,0,14,0.000122,1.0000,"Coatá, Amazonas, Brazil","Willis, E. 0. 1979. Comportamento e ecologia da mãe-de-taoca, Phlegopsis nigromaculata (D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye) (Aves, Formicariidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 39: 117-159."
226,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Thamnophilidae,Phlegopsis,nigromaculata,Rhegmatorhina,melanosticta,120,4,124,0.000000,0.9677,"Manu National Park, Peru","Willson, S. K. 2004. Obligate army-ant-following birds: a study of ecology, spatial movement patterns, and behavior in Amazonian Peru. Ornithological Monographs No. 55."
227,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Thamnophilidae,Pithys,albifrons,Willisornis,poecilinotus,7,0,7,0.015630,1.0000,"Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil","Willis, E. O. 1982. The behavior of Scale-backed Antbirds. Wilson Bulletin 94:447-462."
228,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Thamnophilidae,Rhegmatorhina,cristata,Gymnopithys,leucaspis,13,0,13,0.000244,1.0000,"Mitú, Vaupés, Colombia","Willis, E. O. 1969. On the behavior of five species of Rhegmatorhina, ant-following antbirds of the Amazon Basin. Wilson Bulletin 81:363-395."
229,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Thamnophilidae,Rhegmatorhina,melanosticta,Gymnopithys,salvini,138,11,149,0.000000,0.9262,"Manu National Park, Peru","Willson, S. K. 2004. Obligate army-ant-following birds: a study of ecology, spatial movement patterns, and behavior in Amazonian Peru. Ornithological Monographs No. 55."
230,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Thamnophilidae,Rhegmatorhina ,melanosticta ,Gymnopithys,salvini,8,0,8,0.007812,1.0000,"Carauarí, Amazonas, Brazil","Willis, E. O. 1968. Studies of the behavior of Lunulated and Salvin's antbirds. Condor 70:128-148."
231,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Thamnophilidae,Rhegmatorhina ,melanosticta ,Gymnopithys,salvini,7,0,7,0.015630,1.0000,"Benjamín Constant, Amazonas, Brazil","Willis, E. O. 1968. Studies of the behavior of Lunulated and Salvin's antbirds. Condor 70:128-148."
232,3,woodcreepers.antbirds,Passeriformes,Thamnophilidae,Thamnophilus,atrinucha,Hylophylax,naevioides,7,0,7,0.015630,1.0000,"Barro Colorado Island, Panama ","Willis, E. O. 1972. The behavior of Spotted Antbirds. Ornithological Monographs No. 10."
233,4,NAm.birds,Accipitriformes,Accipitridae,Buteo,jamaicensis,Buteo,lagopus,13,6,19,0.167100,0.6842,"Hallsville, Ohio, USA","Bildstein, K.L. 1978. Behavioral ecology of Red-tailed Hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), Rough-legged Hawks (B. lagopus), Northern Harriers (Circus cyaneus), American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) and other raptorial birds wintering in south central Ohio. Ph.D. thesis, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA."
234,4,NAm.birds,Accipitriformes,Accipitridae,Buteo,jamaicensis,Buteo,regalis,6,6,12,1.000000,0.5000,"Rush and Cedar Valleys, Utah, USA","Smith, D.G. and J.R. Murphy. 1973. Breeding ecology of raptors in the eastern Great Basin of Utah. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series 18(3):1-76."
235,4,NAm.birds,Anseriformes,Anatidae,Anas,acuta,Anas,carolinensis,26,0,26,0.000000,1.0000,"Cape Hatteras National Seashore, Dare County, North Carolina ","Hepp, G.R. and J.D. Hair. 1984. Dominance in wintering waterfowl (Anatini): effects on distribution of sexes. Condor 86:251-257."
236,4,NAm.birds,Anseriformes,Anatidae,Anas,discors,Anas,cyanoptera,86,35,121,0.000004,0.7107,"Columbia National Wildlife Refuge, Washington, USA","Connelly, J.W., Jr. 1977. A comparative study of Blue-winged and Cinnamon teal breeding in eastern Washington. M.S. thesis, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA; see also Connelly, J.W., and I.J. Ball. 1984. Comparisons of aspects of breeding Blue-winged and Cinnamon teal in eastern Washington. Wilson Bulletin 96:626-633."
237,4,NAm.birds,Anseriformes,Anatidae,Anas,strepera,Anas,americana,37,27,64,0.260400,0.5781,"southwest Louisiana, USA","Paulus, S.L. 1980. The winter ecology of Gadwall in Louisiana. MSc. thesis. University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA. "
238,4,NAm.birds,Anseriformes,Anatidae,Anas,strepera,Anas,americana,29,15,44,0.048770,0.6591,"Delta Marsh, Manitoba, Canada","Bailey, R.O. and B.D.J. Batt. 1974. Hierarchy of waterfowl feeding with Whistling Swans. Auk 91:488-493. "
239,4,NAm.birds,Anseriformes,Anatidae,Aythya,americana,Aythya,collaris,27,5,32,0.000113,0.8438,"coastal South Carolina, USA","Alexander, W.C. 1980. The behavioral ecology and sociobiology of nonbreeding diving ducks (Aythyini). Ph.D. dissertation, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA. "
240,4,NAm.birds,Anseriformes,Anatidae,Branta,canadensis,Branta,hutchinsii,40,0,40,0.000000,1.0000,captivity in The Netherlands,"Heuermann, N. 2007. Tall swards and small grazers. Competition, facilitation and coexistence of different-sized grazers. PhD. thesis, Department of Environmental Studies, Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands."
241,4,NAm.birds,Anseriformes,Anatidae,Bucephala,islandica,Bucephala,clangula,8,0,8,0.007812,1.0000,"Burrard Inlet, British Columbia, Canada","Savard, J.-P.L. and J.N.M. Smith. 1987. Interspecific aggression by Barrow's Goldeneye: a descriptive and functional analysis. Behaviour 102:168-184."
242,4,NAm.birds,Anseriformes,Anatidae,Bucephala,islandica,Bucephala,clangula,266,97,363,0.000000,0.7328,"Columbia Valley, British Columbia, Canada","Savard, J.-P.L. 1984. Territorial behaviour of Common Goldeneye, Barrow's Goldeneye, and Bufflehead in areas of sympatry. Ornis Scandinavica 15:211-216."
243,4,NAm.birds,Anseriformes,Anatidae,Chen,caerulescens,Chen,rossii,63,24,87,0.000035,0.7241,"southwest Louisiana, USA","Jónsson, J.E. and A.D. Afton. 2008. Lesser Snow Geese and Ross's Geese form mixed flocks during winter but differ in family maintenance and social status. Wilson Journal of Ornithology 120:725-731."
244,4,NAm.birds,Anseriformes,Anatidae,Cygnus,buccinator,Cygnus,columbianus,25,1,26,0.000001,0.9615,"northern Utah, USA","Engelhardt, K.A.M., J.A. Kadlec, V.L. Roy, and J.A. Powell. 2000. Evaluation of translocation criteria: a case study with Trumpeter Swans. Biological Conservation 94:173-181."
245,4,NAm.birds,Anseriformes,Anatidae,Somateria,mollissima,Somateria,spectabilis,6,0,6,0.031250,1.0000,"Egg Island, Beaufort Sea, Alaska, USA","Schamel, D.L. 1974. The breeding biology of the Pacific Eider (Somateria mollissima v-nigra Bonaparte) on a barrier island in the Beaufort Sea, Alaska. MSc. thesis, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA. "
246,4,NAm.birds,Caprimulgiformes,Caprimulgidae,Chordeiles,minor,Chordeiles,acutipennis,13,0,13,0.000244,1.0000,"southern New Mexico, USA","Caccamise, D.F. 1974. Competitive relationships of the Common and Lesser Nighthawks. Condor 76:1-20."
247,4,NAm.birds,Charadriiformes,Alcidae,Aethia,cristatella,Aethia,pygmaea,7,0,7,0.015630,1.0000,"Buldir Island, Alaska, USA","Knudtson, E.P. and G.V. Byrd. 1982. Breeding biology of Crested, Least and Whiskered auklets at Buldir Island, Alaska. Condor 84:197-202; Byrd, G.V. and J.C. Williams. 1993. Whiskered Auklet (Aethia pygmaea), The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA; Retrieved from the Birds of North America Online: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/076; Hunter, F.M., I.L. Jones, J.C. Williams, and G.V. Byrd. 2002. Breeding biology of the Whiskered Auklet (Aethia pygmaea) at Buldir Island, Alaska. Auk 119:1036-1051."
248,4,NAm.birds,Charadriiformes,Alcidae,Uria,aalge,Uria,lomvia,7,0,7,0.015630,1.0000,"Bear Island, Barents Sea, Norway","Williams, A. J. 1974. Site preferences and inter-specific competition among guillemots Uria aalge (L.) and Uria lomvia (L.) on Bear Island. Ornis Scandinavica 5:113-121."
249,4,NAm.birds,Charadriiformes,Charadriidae,Pluvialis,squatarola,Pluvialis,dominica,17,0,17,0.000015,1.0000,"Portage La Prairie, Manitoba, Canada","Wishart, R.A., P.J. Caldwell, and S.G. Sealy. 1981. Feeding and social behavior of some migrant shorebirds in southern Manitoba. Canadian Field-Naturalist 95:183-185."
250,4,NAm.birds,Charadriiformes,Laridae,Larus,marinus,Larus,argentatus,27,0,27,0.000000,1.0000,"Appledore Island, Maine, USA","Rome, M.S. and J.C. Ellis. 2004. Foraging ecology and interactions between Herring Gulls and Great Black-backed Gulls in New England. Waterbirds 27:200-210."
251,4,NAm.birds,Charadriiformes,Laridae,Sterna,dougallii,Sterna,paradisaea,9,0,9,0.003906,1.0000,"Farne Islands, Northumberland, UK","Bannerman, D.A. 1962. The birds of the British Isles, vol. 11. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. "
252,4,NAm.birds,Charadriiformes,Scolopacidae,Calidris,bairdii,Calidris,pusilla,6,0,6,0.031250,1.0000,"Casselman, Ontario, Canada","Martin, P. R., unpublished observations"
253,4,NAm.birds,Charadriiformes,Scolopacidae,Numenius,tahitiensis,Numenius,phaeopus,20,2,22,0.000121,0.9091,"Curlew Lake, Alaska, USA","Marks, J.S., T.L. Tibbitts, R.E. Gill, and B.J. Mccaffery. 2002. Bristle-thighed Curlew (Numenius tahitiensis), The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology; Retrieved from the Birds of North America Online: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/705."
254,4,NAm.birds,Galliformes,Phasianidae,Lagopus,lagopus,Lagopus,mutus,9,0,9,0.003906,1.0000,"Porcupine Creek, Alaska, USA","Moss, R. 1972. Social organization of Willow Ptarmigan on their breeding grounds in interior Alaska. Condor 74:144-151."
255,4,NAm.birds,Galliformes,Phasianidae,Tympanuchus,phasianellus,Tympanuchus,cupido,55,4,59,0.000000,0.9322,"Crex Meadows State Wildlife Area, Wisconsin, USA","Toepfer, J.E. 1988. The ecology of the Greater Prairie Chicken as related to reintroductions. Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA."
256,4,NAm.birds,Gaviiformes,Gaviidae,Gavia,adamsii,Gavia,pacifica,7,0,7,0.015630,1.0000,"northern Alaska, USA","Sage, B.L. 1971. A study of White-billed Divers in Alaska. British Birds 64:519-528; Kitchens, J. in North, M.R. 1994. Yellow-billed Loon (Gavia adamsii), The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA; Retrieved from the Birds of North America Online: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/121; North, M., unpublished observations from the North Slope of Alaska; Martin, P.R., unpublished observations from the North Slope of Alaska."
257,4,NAm.birds,Passeriformes,Corvidae,Aphelocoma,wollweberi,Aphelocoma,californica,33,0,33,0.000000,1.0000,"southwestern New Mexico, USA","Edwards, T.C. 1986. Ecological distribution of the Gray-breasted Jay: the role of habitat. Condor 88:456-460."
258,4,NAm.birds,Passeriformes,Emberizidae,Ammodramus,maritimus,Ammodramus,caudacutus,874,25,899,0.000000,0.9722,"Long Island, New York, USA (wild and captivity)","Post, W. and J.S. Greenlaw. 1975. Seaside Sparrow displays: their function in social organization and habitat. Auk 92:461-492."
259,4,NAm.birds,Passeriformes,Emberizidae,Junco,phaeonotus,Junco,hyemalis,263,46,309,0.000000,0.8511,"Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona, USA","Moore, N.J. 1972. Ethology of the Mexican Junco (Junco phaeonotus palliatus). PhD Thesis. University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA."
260,4,NAm.birds,Passeriformes,Emberizidae,Melospiza,melodia,Melospiza,georgiana,10,0,10,0.001953,1.0000,"Mount Carmel, Connecticut, USA (captivity and wild)","Grant, P.R. 1966. Preliminary experiments on the foraging of closely related species of birds. Ecology 47:148-151."
261,4,NAm.birds,Passeriformes,Emberizidae,Melospiza,melodia,Melospiza,georgiana,38,12,50,0.000306,0.7600,"Champaign, Illinois, USA (captivity)","Willson, M.F. 1972. Behavioral dominance and ecological segregation in sparrows. Passenger Pigeon 34:58-61."
262,4,NAm.birds,Passeriformes,Emberizidae,Melospiza,melodia,Melospiza,georgiana,18,4,22,0.004344,0.8182,"Erie National Wildlife Refuge, Pennsylvania, USA","Greenberg, R. 1988. Water as a habitat cue for breeding Swamp and Song sparrows. Condor 90:420-427."
263,4,NAm.birds,Passeriformes,Emberizidae,Zonotrichia,leucophrys,Zonotrichia,albicollis,62,1,63,0.000000,0.9841,"Chaffey's Lock, Ontario, Canada","Martin, P.R., unpublished observations"
264,4,NAm.birds,Passeriformes,Fringillidae,Haemorhous,mexicanus,Haemorhous,purpureus,404,40,444,0.000000,0.9099,"Lynchburg, Virginia, USA","Shedd, D.H. 1990. Aggressive interactions in wintering House Finches and Purple Finches. Wilson Bulletin 102:174-178."
265,4,NAm.birds,Passeriformes,Fringillidae,Spinus,psaltria,Spinus,lawrencei,23,2,25,0.000019,0.9200,"Placerita Canyon, California, USA (captivity and wild)","Coutlee, E.L. 1968. Comparative breeding behavior of Lesser and Lawrence's Goldfinches. Condor 70:228-242; Coutlee, E.L. 1968. Maintenance behavior of Lesser and Lawrence's Goldfinches. Condor 70:378-384."
266,4,NAm.birds,Passeriformes,Paridae,Poecile,atricapillus,Poecile,gambeli,613,247,860,0.000000,0.7128,"Bear River Mountains, Utah, USA","Minock, M.E. 1972. Interspecific aggression between Black-capped and Mountain chickadees at winter feeding stations. Condor 74:454-461."
267,4,NAm.birds,Passeriformes,Parulidae,Oreothlypis,celata,Oreothlypis,virginiae,32,0,32,0.000000,1.0000,"Mogollon Rim, Arizona, USA","Martin, P.R. and T.E. Martin. 2001. Behavioral interactions between coexisting species: song playback experiments with wood warblers. Ecology 82:207-218."
268,4,NAm.birds,Passeriformes,Parulidae,Setophaga,petechia,Setophaga,magnolia,90,0,90,0.000000,1.0000,"Lacandon Forest, Chiapas, Mexico ","Greenberg, R. and J. Salgado Ortiz. 1994. Interspecific defense of pasture trees by wintering Yellow Warblers. Auk 111:672-682."
269,4,NAm.birds,Passeriformes,Parulidae,Setophaga,petechia,Setophaga,magnolia,18,0,18,0.000008,1.0000,"Tucurú, Guatemala","Greenberg, R., R. Reitsma, and A.C. Angon. 1996. Interspecific aggression by Yellow Warblers in a sun coffee plantation. Condor 98:640-642."
270,4,NAm.birds,Passeriformes,Parulidae,Setophaga,pinus,Setophaga,dominica,11,0,11,0.000977,1.0000,"Shad Landing State Park, Maryland, USA","Morse, D.H. 1974. Foraging of Pine Warblers allopatric and sympatric to Yellow-throated Warblers. Wilson Bulletin 86:474-477."
271,4,NAm.birds,Passeriformes,Parulidae,Setophaga,tigrina,Setophaga,americana,13,1,14,0.001831,0.9286,"El Guayacán & La Cuerva Is, Pueto Rico","Post, W. 1978. Social and foraging behavior of warblers wintering in Pueto Rican coastal scrub. Wilson Bulletin 90:197-214."
272,4,NAm.birds,Passeriformes,Parulidae,Setophaga,tigrina,Setophaga,americana,25,1,26,0.000001,0.9615,"Cabo Rojo National Wildlife Refuge, Puerto Rico","Staicer, C.A. 1992. Social behavior of the Northern Parula, Cape May Warbler, and Prairie Warbler wintering in second-growth forest in southwestern Puerto Rico. Pages 308-320 in J.M. Hagan, III and D.W. Johnston, editors. Ecology and conservation of neotropical migrant landbirds. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., USA."
273,4,NAm.birds,Passeriformes,Regulidae,Regulus,calendula,Regulus,satrapa,16,0,16,0.000031,1.0000,"southeast Louisiana, USA","Morse, D.H. 1970. Ecological aspects of some mixed-species foraging flocks. Ecological Monographs 40:119-168."
274,4,NAm.birds,Passeriformes,Regulidae,Regulus,calendula,Regulus,satrapa,6,0,6,0.031250,1.0000,"Cedarville State Forest, Maryland, USA","Morse, D.H. 1970. Ecological aspects of some mixed-species foraging flocks. Ecological Monographs 40:119-168."
275,4,NAm.birds,Passeriformes,Sittidae,Sitta,carolinensis,Sitta,canadensis,6,0,6,0.031250,1.0000,"Chaffey's Lock, Ontario, Canada","P.R. Martin, unpublished observations"
276,4,NAm.birds,Passeriformes,Sittidae,Sitta,carolinensis,Sitta,pusilla,6,3,9,0.507800,0.6667,"southeast Louisiana, USA","Morse, D.H. 1970. Ecological aspects of some mixed-species foraging flocks. Ecological Monographs 40:119-168."
277,4,NAm.birds,Passeriformes,Sittidae,Sitta,pygmaea,Sitta,carolinensis,54,6,60,0.000000,0.9000,"Boulder, Colorado, USA","Bock, C.E. 1969. Intra- vs. interspecific aggression in Pygmy Nuthatch flocks. Ecology 50:903-905."
278,4,NAm.birds,Passeriformes,Tyrannidae,Empidonax,traillii,Empidonax,alnorum,10,0,10,0.001953,1.0000,"Guelph, Ontario, Canada","Prescott, D.R.C. 1987. Territorial responses to song playback in allopatric and sympatric populations of Alder (Empidonax alnorum) and Willow (E. traillii) flycatchers. Wilson Bulletin 99:611-619."
279,4,NAm.birds,Passeriformes,Vireonidae,Vireo,olivaceus,Vireo,gilvus,6,0,6,0.031250,1.0000,"Chaffey's Lock, Ontario, Canada","Freshwater, C., C.K. Ghalambor and P.R. Martin. 2014. Repeated patterns of trait divergence between closely related dominant and subordinate bird species. Ecology 95:2334-2345."
280,4,NAm.birds,Passeriformes,Vireonidae,Vireo,olivaceus,Vireo,philadelphicus,83,3,86,0.000000,0.9651,"Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA","Robinson, S.K. 1981. Ecological relations and social interactions of Philadelphia and Red-eyed vireos. Condor 83:16-26."
281,4,NAm.birds,Pelecaniformes,Ardeidae,Egretta,tricolor,Egretta,caerulea,39,5,44,0.000000,0.8864,"Atlantic coast, central Panama","Caldwell, G.S. 1979. Social dynamics of foraging herons and egrets in tropical mixed-species flocks. PhD Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA."
282,4,NAm.birds,Pelecaniformes,Ardeidae,Egretta,tricolor,Egretta,caerulea,36,11,47,0.000346,0.7660,"Gamboa, Panama","Caldwell, G.S. 1979. Social dynamics of foraging herons and egrets in tropical mixed-species flocks. PhD Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA."
283,4,NAm.birds,Pelecaniformes,Ardeidae,Egretta,tricolor,Egretta,caerulea,18,7,25,0.043290,0.7200,"San Blas, Nayarit, Mexico","Burger, J., D. Gladstone, D.C. Hahn, and L.M. Miller. 1977. Intra- and interspecific interactions at a mixed species roost of Ciconiiformes in San Blas, Mexico. Biology of Behaviour 2:309-327."
284,4,NAm.birds,Piciformes,Picidae,Melanerpes,lewis,Melanerpes,erythrocephalus,43,5,48,0.000000,0.8958,"southeastern Colorado, USA","Bock, C.E., H.H. Hadow, and P. Somers. 1971. Relations between Lewis' and Red-headed Woodpeckers in southeastern Colorado. Wilson Bulletin 83:237-248."
285,4,NAm.birds,Piciformes,Picidae,Picoides,arcticus,Picoides,dorsalis,13,3,16,0.021270,0.8125,"Eagle Creek Bog, Hamilton County, New York, USA","Short, L.L. 1974. Habits and interactions of North American Three-toed Woodpeckers (Picoides arcticus and Picoides tridactylus). American Museum Novitates 2547:1-42."
286,4,NAm.birds,Piciformes,Picidae,Picoides,borealis,Picoides,villosus,3,3,6,1.000000,0.5000,"Avon Park Air Force Range, Florida, USA","Bowman, R., D.L. Leonard, Jr., L.K. Backus, and A.R. Mains. 1999. Interspecific interactions with foraging Red-cockaded Woodpeckers in south-central Florida. Wilson Bulletin 111:346-353."
287,4,NAm.birds,Piciformes,Picidae,Sphyrapicus,thyroideus,Sphyrapicus,nuchalis,7,4,11,0.548800,0.6364,"southwestern Colorado, USA","Hadow, H.H. 1977. Audible communication and its role in species recognition by Red-naped and Williamson's Sapsucker (Piciformes). Phd Thesis. University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA."
288,4,NAm.birds,Piciformes,Picidae,Sphyrapicus,thyroideus,Sphyrapicus,nuchalis,9,0,9,0.003906,1.0000,"Sandia Mountains, New Mexico, USA","Young, R.C. 1975. Interspecific territoriality in Williamson's and Red-naped sapsuckers (Sphyrapicus thyroideus and S. varius nuchalis). Master's Thesis. University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA."