xread
489 35
Shunosaurus_lii	10001000000???000?00?0000000000001?00000000000000??0?0?000000?00?000000?00?00000?0?00000?000?000000000100000000000?00?000000000000100?000000000?0??00????0??0101??0000?000?1000???00?0000000??000?000000?00000??000?100???00?00011?0000000?01??1??0??1???0??1000000?1?000?00?00?00010000?000?000?000?00000000?001?0?10?1?000??00?0000?0000??0?000000?0000?0?0000000?00?0010?00?10?0?0010100?001000000101??000010?01?00000000000?00000000000000000??0?0000111??000?00???0?00100??0?0??0001010010?00000101?
Omeisaurus	10001011000???000?00?0000000000010?00101000000000??0?0??00000000010?0?0?00?10??10?000??0000??01000?0????0000000000?00?000000010002?110011110?00??????????0??0010100?00?102?10011000010?100??0?0000000100?00100??00??0?0???00100000?0010111000000??00000??0??0010001000010?0000011010?1020?0?01000?0??0110000000010001000?0?0??0000000?00?0?00000010??000000?0000100???201000?0??100?0010000?010010001?21?1000?210101110000000100000100000101000000000?10010000?000001000010000000000?0000010010?110000000
Mamenchisaurus	100000110?????000?00?0010000100010??01010000000000?001?0000010001000000000?010000?0?000?0000??100000000?0000?001000000000000010012111101111?01?3?0?00????0???01010???0?10001001000???00000?0??00000001?0?0000010000?1000000000?0?????10111100000000?0000?0000011001010010?0000001010?102001001001000?00110000?000?00100003?0??0?0000000000?00000000??00?0?0?0000000??0?0100????0??100?0?1??010?00?00?011??000010110?00??0110010?000100?0000100010?00?1100100??0000001000?10?0??01000??0?00??000????00?11?
Jobaria_tiguidensis	10000001?0000?000?00?001000010000?01010100???00000?0?0???00000000100000000?10?0???1?01000??0???0????????0?00000??0?000000000000000?10?010100010?1??0?????00?110000011?01?0?10010000000?10100100000100000?1010011001?000???100000001000??10??00000?0???0??0???100000?001110?00000000101000000?0?00000?0?11?000?0010000?0??000??0000000100010010?00000?000000?101000100?0?1011000?????0??0111???00?0101?11?00000?11101110?1100010?000000?10001?00100010010010110010?001000110?1???1?011??0?00??????????????
Camarasaurus	1000110110000?000?00?00100001000000100110011100000?001000000001111010001000100000000010000001100000000010000000110001000000001011001100?0110010100000010000102001010100100?10011001?000000000?01001000?000001001001000000000000001000101110000001000000000010101101000110?00100100111112100101011010002110010?0010001000?000??0000000110?10010001100?010000?000001000000010100?0001200001110000012100011000101211110011011101200000010100010000100010?2101011001010001100000110010110000000?011?000000010
Giraffatitan_brancai	11001111000100001000000100001000001101000011100011010100000000001001000000100100010100001000111000000110000000011001100[0 1][0 1]0100101001111111100111?0?10?11001?010101000100112010010000011010101110011100210??01111?00??00????0000000010?111110000001?0?100000??0001001100011?0010111111101200010101000001111001000010000?00?1111100[0 1]0100100011010000000?001001?1011011[0 1]003?01100[0 1]0?000200111100[0 1]10112000?3001111101010011101111120001000110001000011001001112010001011001101111111010100?10?00?000?0?0?00011
Brachiosaurus_altithorax	110??111?0????????0???0??00110??10?1?1??0???????0????1???????0?0?10?0???00?0??0??01??102???????00??????????????????1100000?001?10??111??1???????????????????????????0????0????????????????11???????0??????0???????????????0??????????1??110001000?0?0????????001?01000111100001110111012000101011000?121?0000?00?0000?0??0?0????0000000001?0100010?0?????????????1?????????????????????????????00?????30??1111??????????1????2??110101?01?????????????111200?1010?0??????????????????????????????????????
Ligabuesaurus_leanzai	??????????0?????0?0??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????000101001010?2111???100000?1?????????????????????????????1100???0??0010??01000001?0?0010???000?0?1???0????????????111100101??0???1??1???00?001?00??11????0?10110?12???000001?0?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????001201?10000110???????30?0111???????????11???1????????????????????????0112???0000?0000?1?0001????01??1?1100?011?0000?????
Isisaurus_colberti	????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????0?11110?0100000?0????????????1??01??10?000?1010??????0?000?0??01000000?0?00000??000?001???0???0001000??1111001010?1????1?0??10?000100011100000000010???2??00??????0???0200???000?000?????3?0??0000000?000100101000010101021010000?1?????01100???1???00?1010001000??????0??110?0111??????????????0110011000?00101000100???????????????????????????????????????????????????
Haplocanthosaurus_priscus	????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????0?11100?0110?00?0????????????1?0101110?000110010001??1?001000?00100001?0?0000?1000??10????011??0?????01110?011000?01000110??0001001010111000001100110101000101001000000111000?001?1010000001000000000000010011000000?010000?101001????1001??00??0?0200?0101000001???????????????????????????????010000110001000010010010010100000?0??????????????1???????????????????????
Limaysaurus_tessonei	??????????????????????1?00000101010001101?????1?00?201?0020000211010000?11?00?010011?010000?000100101?0?1?????????????0?01?1?1110?111000000000??0????????????2?1110000?000?1001001???00000001000100001?0??1000??000?000???011??00??0?1??110?1?100?1???0001???0??001010?10?000010??10???0?1?11?11??01?0???????001101011?10001???0?1?0??11110010100000?0020?0?100?01111??101??????121?11?00001001002????00?11001111?0??1????00????????11?0?001111110010?10010110001?00???0???011???1???1?1110?02??0??0?????
Cathartesaura_anaerobica	????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????0??110000?00????0?????????????????????????????10010????0?0?01000000001?0??1010??000?1?0???0??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????001?0001?010000???001100??1111?1?10?000?002010?000?1??????0????????121011??????00?????????????????????????????????????01?????????????????10010110?01?0??????????????????????????????????????
Zapalasaurus_bonapartei	???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1????01?0????0???????????????1?0?00?00??10?????0????????????0??00???0??1???0????????????????0??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????11????1????000??10?10?0???0??0?010??00?102000?101001?????????????????????????????????????????????1111001????????????????????0?0100000100????????????0?100000?0??????????0111???????0???????
Nigersaurus_taqueti	0?11211000?01?1?0?01?01000000101010?011011?01?11???201?00200002??010?0001?1?0?0101110110101100110?1??10?1?0201011212010101110111001110000100010?0????????????1?11100000111?10011010?00?0?011101000000110?01000?1001?00????0010000?10?1??11011110??0?1???0????0??001010011000011?0??0??000?0?11111001?????????111???????1?000???0??????1101?0?01001?0?102??0?10?????10???????????120010?001010000???????0?01?0??1??0?00???????????0??1?????0?1?1?100100?0?1??10101?0??????0011???110????????????????0?????
Demandasaurus_darwini	0??12???0????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????0????0?2???0011?111???110?00?000????????????00?12??1?0?00???0????100?0??????0?010000000???1??1??0??0?1???????01100000000???1101???0??0?0?????????????101??10??001????10?1000?111111???2?????????1112?001?0100?0??0001100?11?100100010011113010?1?1101?????0???000??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1110100100100201001010???????????????????????????????????????
Dicraeosaurus_hansemanni	0?111??0111110??110?0?1?00011000101000??0???????110????????01101111010010100111110000000010?012111000101?11110???11111011111100110010?00100001000011????00011200000110000002110?1000100001000?0000000000?000000000001101111010100000?00110?011010100000?00100000100?1011100010110010?001?10100011002000101010001000014011[0 1]10??0000100011010111001000?0130000000001000?1000001101011200111?0001?00??????1?0100011100000??????????100110?002010101011011110011010000100000111011111100?100001111111000?????
Brachytrachelopan_mesai	????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1??10?00010000???1??????????????0?01?00000?111100?00?1?100?00???00100000?001000?000010?1100010?0?????10?00?01101??000?0?00101?00100?10110?0010100010?100?10100001002????0?010???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????10?110???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
Amargasaurus_cazaui	????????????????????????000110000?0000?00???????0??????????111110011110101011111000100000??00?211101110?????????????????????????1001??00000000?0?0?10001010002??0001000000?211101000?1?00011100?100000?0?00000??000?000010011?00?0????0?00?01101?1????0?01001??0100??1??1000?0100010?000?1010?001012??21??0??0011???1????01???0??1?????10?0??????0?0??10?1???0???1???????????????1??0??????0??????????01011000001?1??0??????????100010?10?????????????1001?01?000?00???10??01???11???????????????????????
Suuwassea_emilieae	0?111??00?0????????????????0???0??0100??0??????1???1000?1?10111101101001001011?110000002011010?1?????11???1110???11?2?????1110011?0110011100010?11?11?1?0000020101010000010110??001?001101110?0000010?000?0?????????1011110110010??00?1111000?0??????001111000??????????????????????????????????????002??????????10??????1110?1???????????????????00?113010????0???00????0??????011100101?1001000?00???2001001??????????????????????????????????????????????????????10?11100????????1?100011110010?????01
Amphicoelias_altus	????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????0?????????????1??001000?0?1????????0????100011100010001010?000000100010001???????????0??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????0100010?00000??????????????????????????????????????
Apatosaurus_ajax	??????????????????????????1????01?010??????????1???1101?111???1??0?0?00100010?010011010200101??1?0??????????????????????????????1??1100?0110010??1????????????????????0100001010101?000001001011101000?00001100000?100110001110001001?011??0010?0?0?1?010101?0???0110???0??11???001???1100??10?11??100???1010100?1001?0011110?01?01?0111111010001000?010000000?0?????????0?11???0102001?0?0101010??0???????????111???????????????????????10?01??001011???????0?00?0????????0?????????????????????????????
Apatosaurus_louisae	0?112110?10010111011011011101??010010?1101??011100?1100?111011100010?00100000001001001010110100100001??011???????1?1?????111100111[1 2]1??0?01100101?0?1?0001?00?11110?001001001101[0 1]101?0[0 1]0001001011101000?1000[0 1]00[0 1]0001000110001111111?112001??0010001001110?001110000110001100010000010?10[0 1]0101100111011101?0???0000110130?11?10000[0 1]011010111101001000[0 1]00100000[0 1]000010111200001100001110011010011010????102000001101011112111011010000010?00101?001011010210111000000000001011011011100??001011121010??01111
Brontosaurus_excelsus	????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1?11??0?0110?0???0??????????????10????11?001??10101??00001000?11?01000?000?0101?00??011000011110010012011??001000?01[0 1]001?0010000001000011000[0 1]0000?10?11001011001?1010111?1010010?10012?011110?0100110111111010001110?0100?0?00001?????01?0?[0 1][0 1]???01010001011101010[0 1][0 1][0 1]0?020000011???1101??????????10?011?[0 1]010100010[0 1]1010210101010[0 1]0000?011??0011111110?????????????????????
Brontosaurus_yahnahpin	????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1?2110?11110010?00???????000020010001?10??????????1?0??????????1???00?????????1?????0111000??1?10??0????1???0?0?0?0?1?0?0100??????1?00??10001???1011010?101110010001000???????10?1???????1110??0001?01111100100?1110?01?000?100001??????????????001200010010010001100??200000110101110211111?0?1????????????????????????????????????0001011011111100?0?0?1???????10?1?11?
Brontosaurus_parvus	????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1111100?111001[0 1]210???????00?2[1 2]0[0 1]101000000001001[0 1]101?000101000?11011000?0001010[0 1][0 1]00?[0 1]01[0 1]100011100011012[0 1]111000?000001000111110001101[0 1]1001101010010?1101101?10100100?100010?0100[0 1]001001?00110100010011011111101000[0 1][0 1][0 1]0?0100000[0 1]000?1?????1?0?11???0112000[0 1]00100[0 1]010?????0200000[0 1]11[0 1][0 1]110121110100010001101001010001?11010110001[0 1]000[0 1]100??11??1[0 1]????????????????12?00?00?????
Tornieria_africana	?????????????????????????01?1??00?0?1????????????????????????1111111????0011000101101001011101?1?0????0????????????????????????????1??1?1??0?????????????????????????????2??00??011???????????0??0????????????????????1100?????1???????????00?0??????????00??????????????????????????????????????????0???????????0?01????2111????0110?????????????01[0 1]10?010?0??0?1??????????????011001000110010??1001?110000011111??????????????00011??00???010110101111010000000010???10??011??1100?????????????????????
Supersaurus_vivianae	????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1?1110011001?0???0?????????????01??1?1011[1 2]0100111[0 1]0[0 1]1101111111?000110??????010????????????0????1????????110000000?000?0?10??00000111001111[0 1][0 1]11001?1100020111[0 1]00110001111??111010?1101?[0 1]011110?0[0 1]0011011111101001010101100000101001?????01001000?01120100111010000???????????????????????????????000111?102000000101010??????????????11010101?????????????????????????????
Supersaurus_lourinhanensis	???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1??111?00??1???????????????????????????????11000?11?11?????10?1?10110?000100?011?01????00???10010??011????1000?000?0010??00000111101110111000101100??01111001101?111????????0?0??1????2011??1??????????????????01?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
Leinkupal_laticauda	???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????0?0101?1??2?1???000101??111??1????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
Galeamopus_hayi	??????????????????????1?111?1?0010?111??0?????????????????????2?10000101001110010010110101111101?000010?????????????????????????1??1??1?10010111?1???????????1??10????101001001100?????11111101001?001?0?0?11000110011?1000??00100100?1?1???0?0??????001?11?00??1?1??????????????0?????????1???????????1??11??????111??012?11???1?1?1?1???????????1101100?001010010?????????????011101000010010002000??101?00120110010101100?001000010?1010?000?1?1010???????????????10010?111101?01????????1??01?11?????
Galeamopus_pabsti	0?11211011011111111111101110101010011?1101?1001111011001111011210101?1000011000100111002010111?1100011001?10001111011?11011110011[1 2]111011110101021011111100102211100111101111001100000001110010110100100000111001111011?10000100100100?10110?0?0?0?0??00?1?10?1?1101?1011100010??10?0?10110010?0100?0001?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????021101000?1001000??????2011001111111101011100011?0001?01?100000???????110101?00000??1000101111101101?11010111200110110100
Diplodocus_carnegii	????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1111101111[0 1]00111?0???????101201010?0011001010011000??00111001010[0 1]0110100010100[0 1]0111011010001100100100211110001000001[0 1]00[0 1]111101011011101111111000001101111011001111111?011011110010111410121111111011111111101001110111021100100101????40000[0 1]00010111010[0 1]0010010001[0 1]00???????????????????????????100[0 1]100[0 1]02010[0 1]0000101011010?010000010100?11111001100?0?0001110?11??11?100
Diplodocus_hallorum	????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1?11??1?1100010??0????????????????????????0???1100???0011100101000?101?0?10010?0110?01010001100?00100211110?0100100110011111000?101000111[0 1]1110000[0 1]1101?110110001111[0 1]10011?1111000011141012?111111011111111101001[0 1]1011102111[0 1]11001111??40000[0 1]0111[0 1]11101000[0 1]1[0 1]11000?????0110000?10?101?0??????????100110?102[0 1]101001[0 1]101101010[0 1]??000?010?00?11[0 1]1???1100??10?01111?1100?11111
Kaatedocus_siberi	0?01211001010?1?11011110001?0?100101011?0????0111111101110101111[0 1]101110000[0 1]11101000[0 1]1201[0 1]10101111010[0 1]?0???1000?1?1011?????1110?11?11??011000010200010000000?10000000101111[0 1]100110000001111110?100001010011011001010011111100100100100????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
Barosaurus_lentus	????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1?111011100[0 1]11[0 1]20[0 1]????????????????????11120100111001000111111[0 1]10111102000101011011101111001110?100100311110001000001[0 1]00101110001101110[0 1]111111000[0 1][0 1]1101[0 1]10011000[0 1]10[0 1]01?[0 1]110111100001113[0 1]1121110110011111111001001[0 1]10101031000100101?1??300000010?011001000?10110001100?10110001???????????????????001??010101000?101010110111???0?001???0???111111101?100001111001?0111??0
;

ccode + 4 57 62 85 87 94 113 115 116 129 130 143 156 157 169 171 197 229 279 291 294 304 309 313 345 356 358 369 371 390 391 398 406 413 425 438 441 477;

proc;

cnames
{0 'Premaxilla, anterior margin, step-like transition to nasal process: absent (0); present (1).';
{1 'Premaxilla, anterior margin, step-like transition to nasal process, position of inflection point in lateral view: close to subnarial foramen (0); significantly posterior to subnarial foramen (1).';
{2 'Premaxilla, external surface: without anteroventrally orientated vascular grooves originating from an opening in the maxillary contact (0); vascular grooves present (1).';
{3 'Premaxilla, shape in dorsal view: main body massive, with proportionally short ascending process distinct (0); single elongate unit, distinction between body and process nearly absent (1).';
{4 'Premaxilla, angle between lateral and medial margins of premaxilla as seen in dorsal view: > 40° (0); 17°-40° (1); < 17° (2).';
{5 'Premaxilla, posteroventral edge of ascending process, shape in lateral view: concave (0); straight (1).';
{6 ' Premaxilla, posteroventral edge of ascending process, orientation of ventral-most portion: vertical (0);  posterodorsally inclined (1).';
{7 'Premaxilla, posterolateral process and the lateral process of the maxillary, shape: without midline contact (0); with midline contact forming a marked narial depression, subnarial foramen not visible laterally (1).';
{8 'Premaxilla, dorsoventral depth of anterior portion: remains the same as posteriorly, or widens gradually (0); widens considerably, and abruptly (1).';
{9 'Subnarial foramen and anterior maxillary foramen, position: well distanced from one another (0); separated by narrow bony isthmus (1).';
{10 'Maxilla, large foramen anterior to the preantorbital fossa, separated by a narrow bony bridge: absent (0); present (1).';
{11 'Maxilla, large foramen posterior to anterior maxillary foramen, dorsal to preantorbital fossa: absent (0); present (1).';
{12 'Anterior maxillary foramen, location: detached from maxillary-premaxillary boundary, facing dorsally (0); lies on medial edge of maxilla, opening medially into the premaxillary-maxillary boundary (1).';
{13 'Maxilla, canal connecting the antorbital fenestra and the preantorbital fossa: absent (0); present (1).';
{14 'Maxilla, dorsal process, posterior extent: anterior to or even with posterior process (0); extending posterior to posterior process (1).';
{15 'Maxilla-quadratojugal contact: absent or small (0); broad (1).';
{16 'Preantorbital fossa: absent (0); present (1).';
{17 'Preantorbital fossa, if present: with relatively indistinct borders (0); dorsally capped by a thin, distinct crest (1).';
{18 'Preantorbital fenestra: reduced to absent (0); present, occupying at least 50% of the preantorbital fossa (1).';
{19 'Antorbital fenestra, maximum diameter: much shorter (<90%) than orbital maximum diameter (0); subequal (>90%) to orbital maximum diameter (1).';
{20 'Antorbital fenestra, anterior extension: is restricted posterior to preantorbital fossa (0); reaches dorsal to preantorbital fossa (1).';
{21 'Antorbital fenestra, shape of dorsal margin: straight or convex (0); concave (1).';
{22 'External nares, position: retracted to level of orbit, facing laterally (0); retracted to position between orbits, facing dorsally or dorsolaterally (1).';
{23 'External nares, maximum diameter: shorter than orbital maximum diameter (0); longer than orbital maximum diameter (1).';
{24 'Prefrontal, medial margin, shape: without distinct anteromedial projection (0); curving distinctly medially anteriorly to embrace the anterolateral corner of the frontal (1).';
{25 'Prefrontal, posterior process size: small, not projecting far posterior of frontal-nasal suture (0); elongate, approaching parietal (1).';
{26 'Prefrontal, posterior process shape: flat (0); hooked (1).';
{27 'Frontals, midline contact (symphysis): patent suture (0); fused in adult individuals (1).';
{28 'Frontal, anteroposterior length: long, > 1.4 times minimum transverse width (0); short, 1.4 or less times minimum transverse width (1).';
{29 'Frontal-nasal suture, shape: flat or slightly bowed anteriorly (0); v-shaped, pointing posteriorly (1).';
{30 'Frontals, distinct anterior notch medially between the two elements: absent (0); present (1).';
{31 'Frontals, dorsal surface: without paired grooves facing anterodorsally (0); grooves present, extend on to nasal (1).';
{32 'Frontal, lateral edge in dorsal view: relatively straight (0); deeply concave (1).';
{33 'Frontal, contribution to dorsal margin of orbit: less than 1.5 times the contribution of prefrontal (0); at least 1.5 times the contribution of prefrontal (1).';
{34 'Frontal, free lateral margin: rugose (0); smooth (1).';
{35 'Frontal, contribution to margin of supratemporal fenestra/fossa: present (0); absent, frontal excluded from anterior margin of fenestra/fossa (1).';
{36 'Frontal-parietal suture, position of medial portion: closer to anterior extension of supratemporal fenestra (0); closer to posterior extension (1).';
{37 'Pineal (parietal) foramen between frontals and parietals: present (0); absent (1).';
{38 'Orbit, anterior-most point: anterior to the anterior extremity of lateral temporal fenestra (0); roughly even with or posterior to anterior extent of lateral temporal fenestra (1).';
{39 'Orbital ventral margin, anteroposterior length: broad, with subcircular orbital margin (0); reduced, with acute orbital margin (1).';
{40 'Postorbital, posterior process: present (0); absent (1).';
{41 'Jugal, contribution to antorbital fenestra: very reduced or absent (0); large, bordering approximately one-third of its perimeter (1).';
{42 'Jugal, contact with ectopterygoid: present (0); absent (1).';
{43 'Jugal, posteroventral process: short and broad (0); narrow and elongate (1).';
{44 'Jugal, dorsal process: present (0); absent (1).';
{45 'Jugal, anterior spur dorsally, which projects into antorbital fenestra: absent (0); present (1).';
{46 'Quadratojugal, position of anterior terminus: posterior to middle of orbit (0); anterior margin of orbit or beyond (1).';
{47 'Quadratojugal, angle between anterior and dorsal processes: less than or equal to 90°, so that the quadrate shaft is directed dorsally (0); greater than 90°, approaching 130°, so that the quadrate shaft slants posterodorsally (1).';
{48 'Lacrimal, anterior process: absent (0); present (1).';
{49 'Lacrimal, dorsal portion of lateral edge, eminence: absent (0); present (1).';
{50 'Lacrimal, dorsal portion of lateral edge, eminence, shape: shallow bulge (0); laterally projecting spur (1).';
{51 'Quadrate, articular surface shape: quadrangular in ventral view, orientated transversely (0); roughly triangular in shape (1); thin, crescent-shaped surface with anteriorly directed medial process (2).';
{52 'Quadrate, short transverse ridge medially on posterior side of ventral ramus, close to the articular surface with the lower jaw: absent (0); present (1).';
{53 'Quadrate fossa, depth: shallow (0); deeply invaginated (1).';
{54 'Quadrate, shallow, second fossa medial to pterygoid flange on quadrate shaft (not the quadrate fossa): absent (0); present, becoming deeper towards its anterior end (1).';
{55 'Quadrate, dorsal margin: concave, such that pterygoid flange is distinct from quadrate shaft (0); straight, without clear distinction of posterior extension of pterygoid flange (1).';
{56 'Quadrate, posterior end (posterior to posterior-most extension of pterygoid ramus): short and robust (0); elongate and slender (1).';
{57 'Squamosal, anterior extent: restricted to postorbital region (0); extends well past posterior margin of orbit (1); extends beyond anterior margin of orbit (2).';
{58 'Squamosal-quadratojugal contact: present (0); absent (1).';
{59 'Squamosal, posteroventral margin: smooth, or with short and blunt ventral projection (0); with prominent, ventrally directed ''prong'' (1).';
{60 'Squamosal, posteroventral margin: smooth, without ventral projection (0); ventral projection present (1).';
{61 'Parietal, contribution to post-temporal fenestra: present (0); absent (1).';
{62 'Parietal, portion contributing to skull roof, anteroposterior length/transverse width: wide, > 50% (0); narrow, 7-50% (1); practically inexistant, < 7% (2).';
{63 'Parietal, distance separating supratemporal fenestrae: less than 1.5 times the width of the long axis of the supratemporal fenestra (0); at least 1.5 times the length of the long axis of the supratemporal fenestra (1).';
{64 'Parietal, posterolateral process, dorsal edge in posterior view: straight, and ventrolaterally oriented, so that the supratemporal fenestra is slightly facing posteriorly as well (0); convex, so that the postorbital and thus the supratemporal fenestra are not visible (1).';
{65 'Parietal, occipital process, dorsoventral height: low, subequal to less than the diameter of the foramen magnum (0); high, nearly twice the diameter of the foramen magnum (1).';
{66 'Parietal, occipital process, distal end: ventrolaterally oriented, such that dorsolateral edge is straight or convex (0); curving laterally, such that dorsolateral edge becomes concave distally (1).';
{67 'Parietal, distinct horizontal ridge separating dorsal from posterior portion: absent, transition more or less confluent (0); present, creating a distinct nuchal fossa below the ridge (1).';
{68 'Postparietal foramen: absent (0); present (1).';
{69 'Paroccipital process (popr), posterior face: smooth/flat (0); with longitudinal ridge along popr body extending from dorsomedial to ventrolateral corners (1).';
{70 'Paroccipital process distal terminus: expanded vertically (0); not expanded (dorsal and ventral edges are subparallel) (1).';
{71 'Paroccipital process, distal end in lateral view: straight (0); curved (1).';
{72 'Supratemporal fenestra: present, relatively large (anteroposterior diameter is at least 5% of occiput width) (0); absent, or greatly reduced (so that anteroposterior diameter is less than 5% of occipital width) (1).';
{73 'Supratemporal fenestra, maximum diameter: more than 1.2 times greatest diameter of foramen magnum (0); less than 1.2 times the greatest length of foramen magnum (1).';
{74 'Supraoccipital, anterodorsal margin: internally concave, associated with a channel extending ventrally on the internal face (0); straight (1).';
{75 'Supraoccipital, dorsal extension: high and vaulted, such that the dorsolateral edges are strongly sinuous (0); low, with the dorsolateral edges straight (1).';
{76 'Supraoccipital: sagittal nuchal crest: broad, weakly developed (0); narrow, sharp, and distinct (1).';
{77 'Supraoccipital, foramen close to contact with parietal: absent (0); present (1).';
{78 'Crista prootica, size: rudimentary (0); expanded laterally into dorsolateral process (1).';
{79 'Occipital condyle, articular surface: well offset from condylar neck (0); continuously grading into condylar neck (1).';
{80 'Basioccipital, contribution to dorsal side of occipital condylar neck: present and broad, around 1/3 of entire dorsal side (0); reduced to absent (1).';
{81 'Basioccipital, distance from base of occipital condyle to base of basal tubera (best visible in lateral view): short, such that area is gently U-shaped in lateral view (0); elongate, with a flat portion between occipital condyle and basal tubera (1).';
{82 'Basioccipital depression between foramen magnum and basal tubera: absent (0); present (1).';
{83 'Basioccipital, pit between occipital condyle and basal tubera: absent (0); present (1).';
{84 'Basal tubera: globular (0); box-like (1).';
{85 'Basal tubera, breadth: <1.3 times (0); 1.3-1.85 times (1); >1.85 times occipital condyle width (2).';
{86 'Basal tubera: distinct from basipterygoid (0); reduced to slight swelling on ventral surface of basipterygoid (1).';
{87 'Basal tubera, shape of posterior face: convex (0); flat (1); slightly concave (2).';
{88 'Basal tubera, posteroventral face: continuous (0); marked by a distinct transverse ridge (1).';
{89 'Basal tubera, longest axes: parallel (0); in an angle to each other, pointing towards the occipital condyle (1).';
{90 'Basal tubera, anterior edge: straight or convex (0); concave (1).';
{91 'Basal tubera in posterior view: facing ventrolaterally (0); facing straight ventrally, forming a horizontal line (1).';
{92 'Basal tubera, foramen in notch that separates the two tubera: absent (0); present (1).';
{93 'Basisphenoid/basipterygoid recess: absent (0); present (1).';
{94 'Basipterygoid processes: widely diverging (> 60°) (0); intermediate, 31°-60° (1); narrowly diverging (< 31°) (2).';
{95 'Basipterygoid processes, orientation: directed more than 75° to skull roof (normally perpendicular) (0); angled less than 75° to skull roof (normally approximately 45°) (1).';
{96 'Basipterygoid processes, ratio of length:basal transverse diameter: < 4 (0); = or > 4.0 (1).';
{97 'Basipterygoid, area between the basipterygoid processes and parasphenoid rostrum: is a mildly concave subtriangular region (0); forms a deep slot-like cavity that passes posteriorly between the bases of the basipterygoid processes (1).';
{98 'Basipterygoid processes, orientation of proximal-most portions: same as central portion of shaft (0); parallel to each other, outwards curve of shaft happens only more anteriorly (1).';
{99 'Basipterygoid processes, distal end in anterior view: straight (0); curving laterally (1).';
{100 'Basipterygoid processes, distal lateral expansion: absent (0); present (1).';
{101 'Parasphenoid rostrum, groove on dorsal edge: absent (0); present (1).';
{102 'Optic foramen: paired (0); unpaired (1).';
{103 'Palatobasal contact, shape: pterygoid with small facet (0); dorsomedially orientated hook (1).';
{104 'Pterygoid, transverse flange (i.e. ectopterygoid process) position: between orbit and antorbital fenestra (0); anterior to antorbital fenestra (1).';
{105 'Vomer, anterior articulation: premaxilla (0); maxilla (1).';
{106 'Dentary, anteroventral margin shape: gently rounded (0); sharply projecting triangular process or ''chin'' (1).';
{107 'Dentary, cross-sectional shape of symphysis: oblong or rectangular (0); subtriangular, tapering sharply towards ventral extreme (1); subcircular (2).';
{108 'Dentary, tuberosity on labial surface near symphysis: absent (0); present (1).';
{109 'Dentary, anterolateral corner: not expanded laterally beyond mandibular ramus (0); expanded beyond lateral mandibular ramus (1).';
{110 'Mandible, coronoid eminence: strongly expressed, clearly rising above plane of dentigerous portion (0); absent (1).';
{111 'Surangular foramen: absent (0); present (1).';
{112 'External mandibular fenestra: present (0); absent (1).';
{113 'Snout shape in dorsal view: premaxilla-maxilla index (PMI; Whitlock et al., 2010) < 67% (0); 67-85% (1); > 85% (2).';
{114 'Shape of tooth row in occlusal view: follows curvature of dentary (0); anterolateral corner of tooth row displaced labially (1).';
{115 'Tooth rows, length: restricted anterior to orbit (0); restricted anterior to antorbital fenestra (1); restricted anterior to subnarial foramen (2).';
{116 'Dentary teeth, number: greater than 17 (0); 10-17 (1); 9 or fewer (2).';
{117 'Replacement teeth per alveolus, number: three or fewer (0); four or more (1).';
{118 'Teeth, crown-to-crown occlusion: present (0); absent (1).';
{119 'Teeth, wear facets shape: v-shaped (0); planar (1).';
{120 'Teeth, occlusal pattern: paired wear facets (0); single wear facet (1).';
{121 'Teeth, SI values for tooth crowns: < 3.4 (0); 3.4 or greater (1).';
{122 'Tooth crowns, orientation: aligned slightly anterolingually, tooth crowns overlap (0); aligned along jaw axis, crowns do not overlap (1).';
{123 'Tooth crowns, cross-sectional shape at midcrown: D-shaped (0); cylindrical (1).';
{124 'Teeth, orientation relative to long axis of jaw: perpendicular (0); oriented anteriorly (procumbent) (1).';
{125 'Teeth, longitudinal grooves on lingual aspect: absent (0); present (1).';
{126 'Teeth, thickness of enamel asymmetric labiolingually: absent (0); present (1).';
{127 'Teeth, marginal denticles: present (0); absent (1).';
{128 'Presacral neural spines, bifurcation: absent (0); present (1).';
{129 'Number of cervical vertebrae: < 13 (0); 14-15 (1); 16 or more (2).';
{130 'Cervical vertebrae width to height ratio: less than 0.5 (0); 0.5-1.5 (1); more than 1.5 (2).';
{131 'Cervical pneumatopores (pleurocoels): absent (0); present (1).';
{132 'Cervical centra, internal pneumaticity: absent (0); present (1).';
{133 'Cervical centra, internal pneumaticity, development: simple, few large cavities (0); complex, numerous small, complex cavities (1).';
{134 'Cervical vertebrae, small fossa on posteroventral corner: absent (0); shallow, anteroposteriorly elongate fossa present, posteroventral to pleurocoel (1).';
{135 'Cervical centra, midline keels on ventral surface: prominent and plate-like (0); reduced to low ridges (1).';
{136 'Cervical vertebrae, longitudinal sulcus on ventral surface: absent (0); present (1).';
{137 'Cervical vertebra, posterior projection on transverse processes: present (0); absent (1).';
{138 'Cervical vertebrae, posterior extension of posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina: is anteriorly restricted (0); reaches below posterior end of neural canal (1).';
{139 'Cervical vertebrae, short second posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina ventral to the one uniting with the dorsal shelf of the diapophysis: absent (0); present (1).';
{140 'Cervical vertebrae, foramen on dorsal side of postzygodiapophyseal lamina, just anterior to base of neural spine process: absent (0); present (1).';
{141 'Cervical vertebrae, epipophysis: reduced or absent (0); pronounced, forming a distinct projection above the postzygapophysis (1).';
{142 'Cervical vertebrae, pneumatized epipophyses: absent (0); present (1).';
{143 'Cervical neural spines, bifurcation, if present, anterior extension within column includes: CV 3 (0); all mCV (1); posterior mCV (2); only pCV (3).';
{144 'Cervical vertebrae, unbifurcated neural spines in anterior/posterior view: with parallel lateral edges or converging (0); distal end expanded laterally (1).';
{145 'Cervical vertebrae, summits of bifid neural spines: are laterally compressed (0); are rounded (1).';
{146 'Proatlas, distal end: broadly rounded (0); narrow, almost pointed (1).';
{147 'Atlantal intercentrum, anteroventral lip: absent, anterior edge of intercentrum straight in lateral view (0); present, anterior edge of intercentrum concave (1).';
{148 'Atlantal intercentrum, ventral surface, foramen between posterior ventrolateral processes: absent (0); present (1).';
{149 'Atlantal neurapophyses, anteromedial process: weakly developed (0); well-developed and distinct from posterior wing (1).';
{150 'Atlantal neural arch, small subtriangular, laterally projecting spur at base: absent (0); present (1).';
{151 'Atlantal neurapophyses, posterior wing: gradually tapering along its length (0); of subequal width along most of its length (1).';
{152 'Atlantal neurapophyses, posterior wing: without foramen (0); with foramen (1).';
{153 'Axial centrum, pneumatic fossae on ventrolateral edges, posterior and adjacent to parapophyses: absent (0); present (1).';
{154 'Axis, prespinal lamina: of constant width (0); developing a transversely expanded, knob-like tuberosity at its anterior end (1).';
{155 'Axis, postspinal lamina: absent (0); present (1).';
{156 'Axis neural spine: projects beyond posterior border of centrum (0); terminates in front of or at posterior border of centrum (1); is restricted anterior to postzygapophyseal facets (2).';
{157 'Anterior cervical vertebrae, total height/centrum length ratio: < 0.9 (0); 0.9-1.2 (1); > 1.2 (usually around 1.5) (2).';
{158 'Cervical vertebrae 2 and 3, centrum length: moderate length increase, CV3 < 1.3 x CV 2 (0); length increases considerably CV 3 at least 1.3 x CV 2 (1).';
{159 'Anterior cervical vertebrae, posterior edge of anterior condyle: anteriorly inclined (0); posteriorly inclined (1).';
{160 'Anterior cervical centra, pleurocoels: single (0); subdivided (1).';
{161 'Anterior cervical vertebrae, pleurocoel extending onto dorsal surface of parapophysis: present (0); absent (1).';
{162 'Anterior cervical vertebrae, longitudinal ridge on ventral surface: present (0); absent (1).';
{163 'Anterior cervical vertebrae, paired pneumatic fossae on ventral surface: absent (0); present (1).';
{164 'Anterior cervical vertebrae, prespinal lamina: absent (0); present (1).';
{165 'Anterior and mid-cervical centra, pleurocoel pierced by one or two large, rounded foramina around centrum midlength: absent (0); present (1).';
{166 'Anterior and mid-cervical vertebrae, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina, development at base of prezygapophyseal process: distinct (0); reduced to broad ridge or totally interrupted (1).';
{167 'Anterior and mid-cervical neural spines height: high (project well above the level of postzygapophyses) (0); low (terminates level with postzygapophyses) (1).';
{168 'Anterior and mid-cervical neural spines, dorsoventrally elongate coel on lateral surface: absent (0); present (1).';
{169 'Mid-cervical centra, anteroposterior length/height of posterior face: 2.5-3.2 (0); 3.3-4.4 (1); 4.5 + (2).';
{170 'Mid-cervical pre-epipophyses anterior extreme: about the same as prezygapophyseal facet (0); projects considerably anterior to articular facet, forming a distinct spur (1).';
{171 'Mid-cervical neural spine height: considerably shorter than height of neural arch, <0.45 (0); subequal to height of neural arch, 0.45-1.6 (1); considerably higher than neural arch, >1.6 (2).';
{172 'Mid-cervical neural spines, orientation: vertical (0); anteriorly inclined (1).';
{173 'Mid-cervical vertebrae, angle between postzygodiapophyseal and spinopostzygapophyseal laminae: acute (0); right angle (1).';
{174 'Mid- and posterior cervical centra, pleurocoel, subdivision: absent (0); present (1).';
{175 'Mid- and posterior cervical centra, pleurocoel, subdivisions, if present: one, resulting in anterior and posterior excavations (0); many, resulting in complex morphology (1).';
{176 'Mid- and posterior cervical vertebrae, pneumatization of lateral surface of centra: large, divided pleurocoel over approximately half of centrum (0); reduced, large fossa but sharp-bordered coel, if present, restricted to area above parapophysis (1).';
{177 'Mid- and posterior cervical vertebrae, pleurocoel extending onto dorsal surface of parapophysis: present (0); absent (1).';
{178 'Mid- and posterior cervical vertebrae, longitudinal ridge on ventral surface: present (0); absent (1).';
{179 'Mid- and posterior cervical vertebrae, ventral keel: single (0); bifid, connects posterolaterally to the ventrolateral edges of the centrum (1).';
{180 'Mid- and posterior cervical vertebrae, paired pneumatic fossae on ventral surface, separated by ventral midline keel: absent (0); present (1).';
{181 'Mid- and posterior cervical vertebrae, lateral edge posterior to parapophysis: continuous (0); marked by a deep groove extending anteroposteriorly along the edge (1).';
{182 'Mid- and posterior cervical centra, rugose tuberosity on anterodorsal corner of lateral side: absent (0); present (1).';
{183 'Mid- and posterior cervical centra with longitudinal flanges in the lateroventral edge on the posterior part of the centrum: absent (0); present (1).';
{184 'Mid- and posterior cervical prezygapophyses, articular surfaces: flat (0); strongly convex transversely (1).';
{185 'Mid- and posterior cervical vertebrae, pre-epipophysis: absent (0); present (1).';
{186 'Mid- and posterior cervical vertebrae, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina, anterior end: remains vertical, with the free edge facing dorsally (0); is strongly inclined laterally (sometimes roofing a lateral fossa in the prezygapophyseal process (1).';
{187 'Mid- and posterior cervical neural arches, lateral fossae on the prezygapophysis process: absent (0); present (1).';
{188 'Mid- and posterior cervical vertebrae, prezygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa, subdivision: absent, single cavity (0); present (1).';
{189 'Mid- and posterior cervical vertebrae, prezygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa, subdivision, if present: single accessory lamina, two subfossae (0); several accessory laminae, various smaller subfossae (1).';
{190 'Mid- and posterior cervical neural arches, centroprezygapophyseal lamina: single (0); dorsally bifurcated, with both divisions connected to prezygapophysis (1).';
{191 'Mid- and posterior cervical transverse processes: posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina (pcdl) and postzygodiapophyseal laminae (podl) meet at base of transverse process (0); pcdl and podl do not meet anteriorly, postzygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa extends onto posterior face of transverse process (1).';
{192 'Mid- and posterior cervical vertebrae, accessory horizontal lamina in center of spinodiapophyseal fossa, not connected with any surrounding laminae: absent (0); present (1).';
{193 'Mid- and posterior cervical vertebrae, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina: is single (0); bifurcates towards its anterior end (1).';
{194 'Mid- and posterior cervical vertebrae, centropostzygapophyseal lamina (CPOL): single (0); divided, with the medial part contacting the interpostzygapophyseal lamina (1).';
{195 'Mid- and posterior cervical neural arches, interpostzygapophyseal lamina projects beyond the posterior margin of the neural arch (including the centropostzygapophyseal lamina), forming a prominent subrectangular projection in lateral view: absent (0); present (1).';
{196 'Mid- and posterior cervical vertebrae, postzygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa and spinopostzygapophyseal fossa: entirely separated (0); connected by a large foramen (1).';
{197 'Posterior cervical vertebrae, Elongation Index (cervical centrum length, excluding condyle, divided by posterior centrum height): less than 2.0 (0); 2.0 - 2.6 (1); higher than 2.6 (2).';
{198 'Posterior cervical vertebrae, ventral keel: anteriorly placed (0); restricted to posterior portion of centrum (1).';
{199 'Posterior cervical prezygapophyses: terminate with or in front of articular ball of centrum (0); terminate well behind articular ball (1).';
{200 'Posterior cervical vertebrae, prezygapophysis articular facet posterior margin: confluent with prezygapophyseal process (0); bordered posteriorly by conspicuous transverse sulcus (1).';
{201 'Posterior cervical vertebrae, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina: continuous (0); developing an anterior projection (just beneath but independent from the spine summit) (1).';
{202 'Posterior cervical vertebrae, accessory lateral lamina connecting postzygodiapophyseal and spinoprezygapophyseal laminae: absent (0); present (1).';
{203 'Posterior cervical vertebrae, accessory, subvertical lamina in the postzygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa, with free edge facing laterally: absent (0); present (1).';
{204 'Posterior cervical vertebrae, accessory, subvertical lamina in the postzygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa, with free edge facing posteriorly: absent (0); present (1).';
{205 'Posterior cervical postzygapophyses: terminate at or beyond posterior edge of centrum (0); terminate in front of posterior edge (1).';
{206 'Posterior cervical neural arch, interpostzygapophyseal lamina (tpol): connects directly with roof of neural canal (0); vertical lamina connects tpol with neural canal roof (1).';
{207 'Posterior cervical neural arches, epipophyses: transversely compressed (0); dorsoventrally compressed (1).';
{208 'Posterior cervical neural arches, accessory spinal lamina: absent (0); present, running vertically just posterior to spinoprezygapophyseal lamina (1).';
{209 'Posterior cervical neural spines, dorsoventrally elongate coel on lateral surface: absent (0); present (1).';
{210 'Posterior cervical neural spines, horizontal, rugose ridge right below spine summit on lateral surface: absent (0); present, serves as distinct dorsal edge of the spinodiapophyseal fossa (1).';
{211 'Posterior bifid, cervical neural spines, medial surface: marked by distinct, dorsoventral ridge from base to spine summit (0); smooth (1).';
{212 'Posterior cervical neural and/or anterior-most dorsal neural spines: vertical (0); anteriorly inclined (1).';
{213 'Posterior cervical and anterior dorsal vertebrae, roughened lateral aspect of prezygodiapophyseal lamina: absent (0); present (1).';
{214 Posterior_cervical_and_anterior_dorsal_vertebrae,_prespinal_lamina:_absent_(0),_present_(1).;
{215 'Posterior cervical and anterior dorsal bifid neural spines, median tubercle: absent (0); present (1).';
{216 'Posterior cervical and anterior dorsal bifid neural spines, orientation: diverging (0); parallel to converging (1).';
{217 'Posterior cervical and anterior dorsal bifid neural spines, divergence: wide (0); narrow, distance between spine summits subequal to neural canal width (1).';
{218 'Posterior cervical, and anterior and mid-dorsal vertebrae, anterior projection of diapophysis laterally adjacent to prezygapophyseal facet: absent (0); present (1).';
{219 'Cervical ribs, length: long, reaching posterior to posterior end of centrum (0); short, not reaching posterior end of centrum (1).';
{220 'Cervical ribs, length: overlapping several centra posterior (0); overlapping no more than the next cervical vertebra in sequence (1).';
{221 'Cervical ribs, position relative to centrum: not projecting far beneath centrum (0); projecting well beneath centrum, such that length of posterior process is subequal in length to fused diapophysis/tuberculum (1).';
{222 'Cervical ribs, posteriorly projecting spur on dorsolateral edge of posterior shaft: absent (0); present (1).';
{223 'Anterior and mid-cervical ribs, tuberculum in lateral view: is directed nearly vertically (0); is directed upwards and backwards (1).';
{224 'Posterior cervical ribs, anterior process: present (0); absent (1).';
{225 'Posterior cervical ribs, anterior process: distinct, much longer anteroposteriorly than high dorsoventrally (0); reduced to a short bump-like process or absent (1).';
{226 'Posterior cervical ribs, anterior process: rounded in lateral view (0); has an acute pointed tip in lateral view (1). ';
{227 'Posterior cervical ribs, rounded sub-triangular process in lateral view, posteroventral to tuberculum: absent (0); present (1).';
{228 'Posterior cervical rib shafts: nearly straight and directed backward and a little upwards (0); initially directed in same direction but turn to run a little downwards toward distal tip (1).';
{229 'Number of dorsal vertebrae: 13 or more (0); 12 (1); 10 (2); 9 (3).';
{230 'Dorsal centrum length (excluding articular ''ball''), remains approximately the same along the sequence (0); shortens from anterior to posterior dorsal vertebrae (1).';
{231 'Dorsal vertebrae, opisthocoely (including a prominent anterior articular ''ball'') disappears: between DV2 and DV3 (0); between DV3 and DV4 or more posteriorly (1).';
{232 'Dorsal pneumatopores (pleurocoels): absent (0); present (1).';
{233 'Dorsal centra, internal pneumaticity: absent (0); present (1).';
{234 'Dorsal centra, internal pneumaticity, structure: simple, large cavities (0); complex, many small cavities (1).';
{235 Dorsal_neural_arches,_paired,_subdivided_pneumatic_chambers_dorsolateral_to_neural_canal:_absent_(0),_present_(1).;
{236 'Dorsal transverse processes, orientation: horizontal or only slightly inclined dorsally (0); more than 30° inclined dorsally from the horizontal (1).';
{237 'Dorsal vertebrae, single (not bifid) neural spines, spinoprezygapophyseal laminae: separate along entire length (0); joined distally, forming single prespinal lamina (1).';
{238 'Dorsal vertebrae, spinodiapophyseal webbing: laminae follow curvature of neural spine and diapophysis in anterior view (0); laminae ''festooned'' from spine, dorsal margin does not closely follow shape of neural spine and diapophysis (1).';
{239 'Dorsal vertebrae with single neural spines in anterior view, middle single fossa projected through midline of neural spine: present (0); absent (1).';
{240 'Dorsal (single) neural spines, postspinal lamina, dorsal end: flat to convex transversely (0); concave transversely (1).';
{241 'Dorsal vertebrae, transition from bifid to single neural spines: gradual (0); abrupt (1).';
{242 'Dorsal neural arches, hyposphene-hypantrum articulations: present (0); absent (1).';
{243 'Dorsal vertebrae, hyposphene first appears: on D3 (0); on D4 or more posteriorly (1).';
{244 'Dorsal vertebrae, single vertical lamina supporting the hyposphene from below: absent (0); present (1).';
{245 'Dorsal vertebrae 1 and 2, centrum length: DV 1 > DV 2 (0); DV 2 > DV 1 (1).';
{246 'First dorsal vertebrae, pleurocoel location: occupy the anterior and middle part of the centrum (0); occupy the posterior part of the centrum (1).';
{247 'Anterior dorsal vertebrae, pleurocoels in first few centra: become larger along the series (0); become smaller (1).';
{248 'Anterior dorsal vertebrae, ventral keel: absent (0); present (1).';
{249 'Anterior dorsal transverse process position: high, considerably above dorsal edge of posterior cotyle (0); low, ventral edge about level to dorsal edge of posterior cotyle (1).';
{250 'Anterior, bifid dorsal vertebrae, base of notch between metapophyses: wide and rounded (0); narrow, V-shaped (1).';
{251 'Anterior dorsal, bifid neural spines, medial surface: gently rounded transversely (0); subtriangular (1).';
{252 'Dorsal vertebra 3, parapophysis: lies at the top of the centrum (0); lies mid-way between the top of the centrum and the level of the prezygapophyses (1).';
{253 'Anterior and mid-dorsal centra, pleurocoels: situated entirely on centrum (0); invade neural arch pedicels (1).';
{254 'Anterior and mid-dorsal neural arch, hyposphene shape: rhomboid (0); laminar (1).';
{255 'Mid-dorsal neural arches, height above postzygapophyses (neural spine) to height below (pedicel): 2.1 or greater (0); < 2.1 (1).';
{256 'Mid-dorsal neural spines, form: single, bifid form (if present) does not extend past second or third dorsal (0); bifid, inclusive of at least fifth dorsal vertebrae (1).';
{257 'Mid-dorsal neural spines, oblique accessory lamina connecting postspinal lamina with spinopostzygapophyseal lamina: absent (0); present (1).';
{258 'Mid- and posterior dorsal vertebrae, lateral pleurocoels present in centra: absent (0); present (1).';
{259 'Mid- and posterior dorsal vertebrae, vertically oriented rod-like struts divide the lateral pneumatic foramina: absent (0); present (1).';
{260 'Mid- and posterior dorsal vertebrae, height of neural arch below postzygapophyses (pedicel)/posterior cotyle height: <0.8 (0); 0.8 or greater (1).';
{261 'Mid- and posterior dorsal neural arches, prezygoparapophyseal lamina: present (0); absent (1).';
{262 'Mid- and posterior dorsal parapophyses, location: above centrum, posterior to anterior edge of centrum (0); straight above anterior edge of centrum, or anteriorly displaced (1).';
{263 'Mid- and posterior dorsal neural arches, anterior centroparapophyseal lamina: absent (0); present (1).';
{264 'Mid- and posterior dorsal neural arches, posterior centroparapophyseal lamina: absent (0); present (1).';
{265 'Mid- and posterior dorsal neural arches, posterior centroparapophyseal lamina, if present: single (0); double (1)';
{266 'Mid- and posterior dorsal vertebrae, accessory laminae in region between posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina and posterior centroparapophyseal lamina: absent (0); present (1).';
{267 'Mid- and posterior dorsal vertebrae, accessory lamina linking hyposphene with base of posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina: absent (0); present (1).';
{268 'Mid- and posterior dorsal neural arches, centropostzygapophyseal lamina: single (0); divided, lateral branch connecting to posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina (1).';
{269 'Mid- and posterior dorsal neural arches, infradiapophyseal pneumatopore between anterior and posterior centrodiapophyseal laminae: absent (0); present (1).';
{270 'Mid- and posterior dorsal transverse processes, length: short (0); long (projecting > 1.3 times posterior cotyle width) (1).';
{271 'Mid- and posterior dorsal transverse processes, dorsal edge: straight, or curving downwards at distal end (0); developing a distinct dorsal bump or spur (1).';
{272 'Mid- and posterior dorsal neural spines, anteroposterior width: approximately constant along height of spine, with subparallel anterior and posterior margins (0); narrows dorsally to form triangular shape in lateral view, with base being approximately twice the width of dorsal tip (1).';
{273 'Mid- and posterior dorsal neural spines, accessory, anterodorsally oriented lamina arising from the SPDL: absent (0); present (1).';
{274 'Mid- and posterior dorsal neural spines, breadth at summit: much narrower (0); equal to or broader (1) transversely than anteroposteriorly.';
{275 'Mid- and posterior dorsal neural spines, triangular aliform processes: absent (0); present (1).';
{276 'Mid- and posterior dorsal neural spines, triangular aliform processes, lateral extension: do not project as far laterally as postzygapophyses (0); project at least as far laterally as postzygapophyses (1).';
{277 'Posterior dorsal centra, total length/height of posterior articular surface: 1.0 or greater (0); short, < 1.0 (1).';
{278 'Posterior dorsal centra, posterior articular surface width to height: 1.0 or less (0); >1.0 (1).';
{279 'Posterior dorsal centra, articular face shape: amphicoelous (0); slightly opisthocoelous (1); strongly opisthocoelous (2).';
{280 'Posterior dorsal vertebrae, pleurocoel shape: oval to circular (0); subtriangular with apex dorsally (1).';
{281 'Posterior dorsal neural arches, height above postzygapophyses (neural spine) to height below (pedicel): < 3.1 (0); 3.1 or greater (1).';
{282 'Posterior dorsal neural arches, parapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa: ventrally open, relatively shallow (0); deep, triangular (1).';
{283 'Posterior dorsal vertebrae, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina: absent or greatly reduced (0); present (1).';
{284 'Posterior dorsal postzygapophyses: almost horizontal, such that the two articular facets include a wide angle (0); articular facets oblique, including an almost 90° angle (1).';
{285 'Posterior dorsal vertebrae, hyposphene-hypantrum system: well developed, rhomboid shape up to last element (0); weakly developed, mainly as a laminar articulation (1).';
{286 'Posterior dorsal neural arches, spinopostzygapophyseal laminae: single (0); divided near postzygapophyses (1).';
{287 'Posterior dorsal vertebrae, medial spinopostzygapophyseal lamina: absent (0); present and forms part of median posterior lamina (1).';
{288 'Posterior dorsal vertebrae, base of neural spines just above transverse processes: longer than wide (0); subequal in width and length (1).';
{289 'Posterior dorsal neural spines, orientation at its base: vertical (0); anteriorly inclined (1).';
{290 'Posterior dorsal neural spines, midline cleft along the dorsal surface: absent (0); present (1).';
{291 'Posterior dorsal and/or sacral neural spines (not including arch), height: less than 2 times centrum length (0); 2 to 3 times centrum length (1); more than 3 times centrum length (2).';
{292 'Dorsal ribs, rib head: area between capitulum and tuberculum flat (0); oblique ridge present that connects medial and lateral edge at the base of the rib head (1).';
{293 'Dorsal ribs, proximal pneumatopores: absent (0); present (1).';
{294 'Mid-dorsal ribs, orientation of tuberculum: spreading outside from rib shaft (0); following straight direction of rib shaft (1); following medial bend of rib shaft (2).';
{295 'Sacral vertebrae, number: 4 (0); 5 (1); 6 (2).';
{296 'Sacral vertebral centra, pleurocoels: absent (0); present (1).';
{297 'Sacral rib III, ventral surface: smooth (0); with oblique ridge (1).';
{298 'Sacral neural spines, lateral side, towards summit: flat, with only spinodiapophyseal lamina (spdl) well-developed (0); with distinct horizontal accessory laminae that connect spdl to pre- and/or postspinal lamina (1).';
{299 'Sacral neural spines, lateral view, spinodiapophyseal lamina: reduced to absent, does not connect summit and diapophysis (0); present and distinct, connects spine summit with diapophysis (1).';
{300 'Sacral neural spines, lateral view, spinodiapophyseal laminae (spdl): remain vertical and thus parallel to each other (0); spdl of neighboring spines converge (1).';
{301 'Caudal neural spines, elliptical depression between lateral spinal lamina and postspinal lamina on dorsolateral surface: absent (0); present (1).';
{302 'Caudal neural spines with triangular lateral processes: absent (0); present (1).';
{303 'Posterior dorsal, sacral and anterior caudal neural spines, shape in anterior/posterior view: rectangular through most of length (0); ''petal'' shaped, expanding transversely through 75% of its length and then tapering (1).';
{304 'First caudal centrum, articular face shape: procoelous (0); flat (1); opisthocoelous (2).';
{305 'Anterior-most caudal centra, transverse cross-section: sub-circular with rounded ventral margin (0); ''heart''-shaped with an acute ventral ridge (1).';
{306 'Anterior-most caudal centra, pneumatic fossae: reduced to absent (0); large pleurocoels (1).';
{307 'Anterior-most caudal vertebrae, additional pneumatic fossa on posterodorsal corner of centrum: absent (0); present (1).';
{308 'Anterior-most caudal transverse processes, shape: triangular, tapering distally (0); wing-like (1).';
{309 'Anterior-most caudal vertebrae, transition from ''fan''-shaped to '' normal'' caudal ribs: between Cd 1 and 2 (0); Cd4 and Cd5 (1); Cd5 and Cd6 (2); Cd6 and Cd7 (3); Cd7 and Cd8 or more posteriorly (4).';
{310 'Anterior-most caudal neural arches, accessory lamina connecting pre- and postzygapophyses: absent (0); present (1).';
{311 'Anterior-most caudal neural spine (not including arch), height: less than 1.5 times centrum height (0); 1.5 times centrum height or more (1).';
{312 'Anterior-most caudal neural spines, lateral spinal lamina: has the same anteroposterior width ventrally and dorsally (0); expands anteroposteriorly towards its distal end, and becomes rugose (1).';
{313 'Anterior caudal centra (excluding the first), articular surface shape: amphiplatyan or amphicoelous (0); procoelous/distoplatyan (1); slightly procoelous (2); procoelous (3).';
{314 'Anterior caudal centra, ventral surface: without irregularly placed foramina (0); irregular foramina present on some anterior caudal vertebrae (1).';
{315 'Anterior caudal centra, pneumatopores (pleurocoels): absent (0); present (1).';
{316 'Anterior caudal centra, pneumatopores: restricted to foramina (0); large coels present (1).';
{317 'Anterior caudal centra, pneumatopores: disappear by caudal 15 (0); present until caudal 16 or more (1).';
{318 'Anterior caudal centra, length: subequal amongst first 20 (0); more or less doubling over first 20 (1).';
{319 'Anterior caudal vertebrae, concavo-convex zygapophyseal articulation: absent (0); present (1).';
{320 'Anterior caudal prezygapophyses, pre-epipophysis laterally below articular facet: absent (0); present (1).';
{321 'Anterior caudal vertebrae, transverse processes: ventral surface directed laterally or slightly ventrally (0); directed dorsally (1).';
{322 'Anterior caudal transverse processes, anterior diapophyseal laminae (acdl, prdl): reduced or absent (0); present, well defined (1).';
{323 'Anterior caudal transverse processes, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina, shape: single (0); divided (1).';
{324 'Anterior caudal transverse processes, posterior diapophyseal laminae (pcdl, podl): reduced or absent (0); present, well defined (1). ';
{325 'Anterior caudal transverse processes, anteroposteriorly expanded lateral extremities: absent (0); present (1).';
{326 'Anterior caudal neural spines, maximum mediolateral width to anteroposterior length ratio: < 1.0 (0); 1.0 or greater (1).';
{327 'Anterior caudal neural spines, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina: absent, or present as small short ridges that rapidly fade out into the anterolateral margin of the spine (0); present, extending onto lateral aspect of neural spine (1).';
{328 'Anterior caudal neural spines, spinopre- and spinopostzygapophyseal laminae contact: absent (0); present (1).';
{329 'Anterior caudal neural arches, prespinal lamina: absent (0); present (1).';
{330 'Anterior caudal neural spines, thickened anterior rim of prespinal lamina: absent (0); present (1).';
{331 'Anterior caudal neural spines, prespinal lamina or rugosity: terminate at or beneath dorsal margin of neural spine (0); project dorsally above neural spine (1).';
{332 'Anterior caudal neural arches, postspinal lamina: absent (0); present (1).';
{333 'Anterior caudal neural spines, postspinal lamina or rugosity: terminate at or beneath dorsal margin of neural spine (0); project dorsally above neural spine (1).';
{334 'Anterior caudal neural arches; hyposphenal ridge on posterior face of neural arch; present (0); absent (1).';
{335 'Anterior caudal neural spines, shape: single (0); slightly bifurcate anteriorly (1).';
{336 'Anterior caudal neural spines, maximum mediolateral width to minimum mediolateral width ratio: < 2.0 (0); 2.0 or greater (1).';
{337 'Anterior caudal neural spines, lateral expansion at distal end: gradual, expanding through the last third of the neural spine (0); abrupt, restricted to distal fourth of neural spine (1).';
{338 'Anterior and mid-caudal vertebrae, ventrolateral ridges: absent (0); present (1).';
{339 'Anterior and mid-caudal centra, ventral longitudinal hollow: absent (0); present (1).';
{340 'Anterior- and mid-caudal vertebrae, ventral hollow depth: shallow, 10mm or less (0); deep, >10mm (1).';
{341 'Mid-caudal vertebrae, ratio of centrum length to posterior height: < 1,7 (0); 1,7 or greater (1).';
{342 'Mid-caudal vertebrae, lateral surface of centra: without longitudinal ridge at midheight (0); longitudinal ridge present, centra hexagonal in anterior/posterior view (1).';
{343 'Mid-caudal centra, articular surface shape: cylindrical (0); quadrangular (1); trapezoidal (2); with flat ventral margin but rounded lateral edges (3).';
{344 'Mid-caudal centra ventral surface in lateral view: gently curved (0); greater portion straight, with expansions on both ends to form the chevron facets restricted to about last fourth of centrum length (1).';
{345 'Mid-caudal posterior articular surface: concave (0); flat (1); convex (2).';
{346 'Mid-caudal neural arches: over the midpoint of the centrum with approximately subequal amounts of the centrum exposed at either end (0); on the anterior half of the centrum (1).';
{347 'Mid-caudal prezygapophyses: free (0); posteriorly interconnected by a transverse ridge, creating a triangular fossa together with the spinoprezygapophyseal laminae (1).';
{348 'Mid-caudal prezygapophyses position: terminate at or behind anterior edge of centrum (0); project considerably beyond anterior edge of centrum (1).';
{349 'Mid-caudal neural spines, orientation: directed posteriorly (0); vertical (1).';
{350 'Mid-caudal neural arch, anterior extreme of spine summit: smooth (0); developing a short anterior or anterodorsal projection, such that anterior edge of spine becomes slightly concave (1).';
{351 'Mid- and posterior caudal vertebral centra, articular surfaces: subequal in width and height or higher than wide (0); considerably wider than high (1).';
{352 'Mid- and posterior caudal neural spines: spine summit overhangs postzygapophyses considerably posteriorly (0); posterior end of spine summit more or less straight above postzygapophyses (1).';
{353 'Mid- and posterior caudal spines: elongate and strongly caudally directed, extending over more than 50% of length of succeeding vertebral centrum (0); short, not extending far beyond caudal articular facet of centrum (1).';
{354 'Posterior caudal prezygapophyses position: terminate at or behind anterior edge of centrum (0); project beyond anterior edge of centrum (1). ';
{355 'Distal-most caudal centra, articular face shape: platycoelous (0); biconvex (1).';
{356 'Distal-most caudal centra, length-to-height ratio: < 4.0 (0); 4.0-6.5 (1); > 6.5 (2).';
{357 'Distal-most biconvex caudal centra, number: ten or fewer (0); more than 30 (1).';
{358 'Caudal ribs, last occurs on: Cd 12 or more anteriorly (0); Cd 13 (1); Cd 14 (2); Cd 15-17 (3); Cd 18 or more posteriorly (4).';
{359 'Anterior, ''fan''-shaped caudal ribs, foramen: absent (0); present (1).';
{360 'Chevrons, ''crus'' bridging haemal canal: absent in some (0); present in all (1).';
{361 'Chevrons, ''crus'' bridging haemal canal: present in some (0); absent in all (1). ';
{362 'Chevrons with anterior and posterior projections: present (0); absent (1).';
{363 'Anterior chevrons, longitudinal median ridge on anterior surface: absent (0); present (1).';
{364 'Anterior chevrons, posterior edge of distal blade in lateral view: continuous (0); posteriorly expanded in a step-like fashion (1).';
{365 'Anterior mid-chevrons, lateral surface: smooth (0); marked by a horizontal ridge right below articulation surfaces (1).';
{366 'Middle chevrons, distinct fossae on medial surfaces of proximal branches: absent (0); present (1).';
{367 'Forked chevrons, anteroposterior length: short, about 50% of relative vertebral centrum length (0); elongate, approaching corresponding vertebral centrum length (1).';
{368 'Scapular length/minimum blade breadth: > 5.5 (0); 5.5 or less (1).';
{369 'Scapular acromion length/scapular length: > 0.54 (0); 0.46-0.54 (1); < 0.46 (2).';
{370 'Scapula, orientation of blade, angle with coracoid articulation: > 80° (0); 80° or less (1).';
{371 'Scapula, angle between acromial ridge and distal blade: < 70° (0); 70°-81° (1); > 81° (2).';
{372 'Scapular acromion process, dorsal part of posterior margin: convex or straight (0); U-shaped concavity (1).';
{373 'Scapular, acromion process position: lies near glenoid level (0); lies nearly at midpoint of scapular body (1).';
{374 'Scapula, area posterior to acromial ridge and distal blade: is excavated (0); is flat or slightly convex (1).';
{375 'Scapular glenoid, orientation: relatively flat or laterally facing (0); strongly beveled medially (1).';
{376 'Scapular blade, acromial edge, shape in lateral view: straight (0); concave (1).';
{377 'Scapular blade, acromial edge, distinct dorsal process close to distal end: absent (0); present (1).';
{378 'Scapular blade, ventral edge, shape in lateral view: is straight (0); curves ventrally towards its distal end (1).';
{379 'Scapula: without semi-ovate, flat muscle scar just distal to glenoid on scapular shaft (0); scar present (1).';
{380 'Scapular blade, subtriangular projection on anterior portion of ventral edge: absent (0); present (1).';
{381 'Scapular blade, expansion of distal end: wide (at least 2 times narrowest width of shaft in lateral view) (0); narrow (< 2 times narrowest width of shaft) (1).';
{382 'Scapular blade, distal end, shape: with distinct dorsal and ventral corners (0); widely rounded (1).';
{383 'Coracoid, anteroventral margin shape: rounded (0); rectangular (1).';
{384 'Coracoid, infraglenoid deep groove: reduced to absent (0); present and distinct (1).';
{385 'Sternal plates, shape: subcircular or oval (0); subtriangular with widened posterior border (1); elliptical to crescentic, with concave lateral margin (2).';
{386 'Sternal plate, ridge on the ventral surface: absent (0); broad and shallow, or elongate and prominent (1).';
{387 'Sternal plate, anterior end: expanded dorsoventrally (0); flat, not expanded (1).';
{388 'Sternal plate, posterior border: convex (0); straight (1).';
{389 'Forelimb: hindlimb length ratio: 0.76 or greater (0); less than 0.76 (1).';
{390 'Humerus-to-femur ratio: < 0.7 (0); 0.7-0.76 (1); 0.77-0.89 (2); = or > 0.90 (3).';
{391 'Humerus, RI (sensu Wilson and Upchurch, 2003): Gracile (less than 0,27) (0); medium (0,28-0,32) (1); Robust (more than 0,33) (2).';
{392 'Humerus, shaft twist: minor to absent (0); high, distal articular surface twisted by at least 40° compared to proximal articular surface (1).';
{393 'Humerus, midshaft cross-section, shape: circular, transverse diameter: anteroposterior diameter ratio is 1.5 or lower (usually close to 1.3) (0); elliptical, transverse diameter: anteroposterior diameter ratio is greater than 1.5 (usually close to 1.8) (1).';
{394 'Humerus, pronounced proximolateral corner: absent (0); present (1).';
{395 'Humerus, proximal expansion: more or less symmetrical (0); asymmetrical, proximomedial corner much more pronounced than proximolateral one (1).';
{396 'Humerus, proximal end expanded laterally in anterior/proximal view: expanded, lateral margin concave in anterior/posterior view (0); not expanded (1).';
{397 'Humerus, shallow, but distinct rugose tubercle at the center of the concave proximal portion of the anterior surface: absent (0); present (1).';
{398 'Ulna to humerus length: < 0.65 (0); 0.66-0.76 (1); > 0.76 (2).';
{399 'Ulna, proximal condylar processes: subequal in length (0); anterior arm longer (1).';
{400 'Ulna, proximal articular surface, angle between anterior and lateral branch: 90° (0); acute (1).';
{401 'Ulna, distal transverse expansion: slight, < 1.3 times min sw (0); wide, 1,3 times min sw or greater (1).';
{402 'Radius, maximum diameter of the proximal end divided by greatest length: < 0.3 (0); 0.3 or greater (1).';
{403 'Radius, distal articular surface for ulna: reduced and relatively smooth (0); well developed with one or two distinct longitudinal ridges (1).';
{404 'Radius, distal condyle orientation in anterior view: perpendicular or beveled less than 15° to long axis of shaft (0); beveled at least 15° to long axis of shaft (1).';
{405 'Radius, distal breadth: <1.8 times larger than midshaft breadth (0); at least 1.8 times midshaft breadth (1).';
{406 'Carpus, number of carpal bones: 3 or more (0); 2 (1); 1 or less (2).';
{407 'Carpals: block-like (0); proximodistally compressed discs (1).';
{408 'Metacarpus, shape: spreading (0); bound, with subparallel shafts and articular surfaces that extend half their length (1).';
{409 'Metacarpals, shape of proximal surface in articulation: gently curving, forming a 90° arc (0); U-shaped, subtending a 270° arc (1).';
{410 'Metacarpus, ratio of longest metacarpal to radius: < 0.40 (0); 0.40 or greater (1).';
{411 'Metacarpal I, length: shorter than IV (0); longer than IV (1).';
{412 'Metacarpal I, proximal end dorsoventral height to mediolateral width ratio: < 1.8 (0); 1.8 or greater (1).';
{413 'Metacarpal III, robustness (length/distal transverse width): robust, <2.9 (0); intermediate, 2.9-3.5 (1); slender, > 3.5 (2).';
{414 'Metacarpal V, proximal articular surface: subequal to smaller than (0); or significantly larger than proximal articular surface of mc III and IV (1).';
{415 'Manual phalanx I-1, flange-like sheet of bone projecting from the proximoventral margin: absent (0); present (1).';
{416 'Ilium, ratio of blade height above pubic peduncle to anteroposterior length: <0.40 (0); 0.40 or more (1).';
{417 'Iliac preacetabular process, shape: sharply pointed (0); blunt to semicircular anterior margin (1).';
{418 'Ilium, preacetabular process, orientation of anterior tip in dorsal view: pointing anterolaterally (0); pointing laterally (1).';
{419 'Ilium, angle between the ventral edge of anterior iliac lobe and the anterior surface of the pubis process: is ~90° (0); is acute (1).';
{420 'Ilium, dorsal margin shape: flat to slightly convex (0); semicircular (1).';
{421 'Ilium, highest point on dorsal margin: lies posterior to base of pubic process (0); lies anterior to base of pubic process (1).';
{422 'Ilium, pubic peduncle (measured at the articular surface), anteroposterior to mediolateral width ratio: > 0.80 (0); 0.80 or less (1).';
{423 'Ilium, triangular fossa laterally at base of pubic peduncle: absent (0); present (1).';
{424 'Ilium, distinct tubercle in the postacetabular region: absent (0); present (1).';
{425 'Pubis, ambiens process development: small, confluent not differentiated from the anterior border of the pubis (0); evident, but not especially developed (1); prominent, hook-like (2).';
{426 'Pubis, length of puboischial contact: less than 0.41 total length of pubis (0); 0.41 or more of total length of pubis (1).';
{427 'Pubis, participation in acetabulum: subequal to larger, compared to ischium (0); significantly smaller (1).';
{428 'Ischium, acetabular articular surface: maintains approximately the same transverse width throughout its length (0); is transversely narrower in its central portion and strongly expanded as it approaches the iliac and pubic articulations (1).';
{429 'Ischium, acetabular margin, in lateral view: flat or mildly concave (0); strongly concave, pubic articular surface forms an anterodorsal projection (1).';
{430 'Ischium, iliac peduncle: iliac peduncle straight or widening in smooth curve distally (0); narrow, with distinct ''neck'' (1).';
{431 'Ischia pubic articulation/anteroposterior length of pubic pedicel: < 1.5 (0); 1.5 or greater (1).';
{432 'Ischium, elongate muscle scar on proximal end: absent (0); present (1).';
{433 'Ischium, lateral fossa at base of shaft: absent (0); present (1).';
{434 'Ischial distal shaft, shape: blade-like, medial and lateral depths subequal (0); triangular, depth of ischial shaft increases medially (1).';
{435 'Ischial distal shafts, cross-sectional shape: V-shaped, forming an angle of nearly 50° with each other (0); flat, nearly coplanar (1).';
{436 'Ischial shaft, transverse distal expansion: absent (0); present (1).';
{437 'Ischium, posterodorsal expansion of distal end: absent (0); present (1).';
{438 'Femur, robustness index (sensu Wilson & Upchurch 2003): gracile, <0.22 (0); intermediate, 0.22-0.25 (1); robust, > 0.25 (2).';
{439 'Femur, lateral bulge (marked by the lateral expansion and a dorsomedial orientation of the laterodorsal margin of the femur, which starts below the femur head ventral margin): absent (0); present (1).';
{440 'Femoral shaft, lateral margin shape: straight (0); proximal one-third deflected medially (1).';
{441 'Femur, cross-sectional shape: subequal to anteroposterior diameter  (0); 125-150% anteroposterior diameter (1); at least 185% anteroposterior diameter (2).';
{442 'Femoral head, position of highest point in anterior view: above point of maximum curvature of ventral edge of femoral head (0); laterally shifted, above main portion of shaft (1).';
{443 'Femur, ventral surface of head: confluent with shaft (0); stepped (1).';
{444 'Femur, greatest anteroposterior thickness of shaft: less than or approximately equal to half anteroposterior depth of distal articular condyles (0); much greater than half anteroposterior depth of distal articular condyles (1).';
{445 'Femur, large nutrient foramen opening midshaft anteriorly on femur: absent (0); present (1).';
{446 'Femur, pronounced ridge on posterior surface between greater trochanter and head: absent (0); present (1).';
{447 'Femur, fourth trochanter: not visible in anterior view (0); prominent, visible in anterior view (1).';
{448 'Femoral fourth trochanter, present as low rounded ridge (0); greatly reduced so that it is virtually absent (1).';
{449 'Femur, fourth trochanter, position: distally displaced (0); on proximal half of shaft (1).';
{450 'Femur, shape of distal condyles: articular surface restricted to distal portion of femur (0); expanded onto anterior portion of femoral shaft (1).';
{451 'Tibia to femur length: < 0.68 (0); 0.68 or greater (1).';
{452 'Tibia, proximal articulation surface, shape: subcircular to transversely compressed (0); anteroposteriorly compressed (1).';
{453 'Tibia, proximal articular surface, shape: subrectangular (0); subtriangular (1).';
{454 'Tibia, short transverse ridge on anteromedial surface of distal end: absent (0); present (1).';
{455 'Tibia, cnemial crest in anterior view: widely rounded (0); subtriangular (1).';
{456 'Tibia, posterior surface of cnemial crest: smooth (0); bears a distinct fibular trochanter (1).';
{457 'Tibia, lateral edge of proximal end forms a pinched out projection, posterior to cnemial crest (the ''second cnemial crest'' of Bonaparte et al., 2000): present (0); absent (1).';
{458 'Fibula, proximal end with anteromedially directed crest extending into a notch behind the cnemial crest of the tibia: absent (0); present (1).';
{459 'Fibula, insertion of the M. iliofibularis: located approximately at mid-shaft (0); proximal, located above midshaft (1).';
{460 'Astragalus, morphology in anterior view: rectangular (0); wedge-shaped, narrowing medially (1).';
{461 'Astragalus, anteroposterior dimension as seen in dorsal view: widens medially or does not change in width (0); narrows medially (1).';
{462 'Astragalus, proximodistal length/transverse breadth: < 0,55 (0); 0,55 or greater (1).';
{463 'Astragalus, mediolateral width to maximum anteroposterior length ratio: 1.6 or greater (0); < 1.6 (1).';
{464 'Astragalus, ascending process length: limited to anterior two-thirds of astragalus anteroposterior width (0); extends beyond two-thirds of astragalus anteroposterior width (normally to posterior margin of astragalus) (1).';
{465 'Astragalus, fibular facet: faces laterally (0); faces posterolaterally, anterior margin visible in posterior view (1).';
{466 'Astragalus, laterally directed ventral shelf underlies distal end of fibula: present (0); absent (1).';
{467 'Astragalus, dorsomedial corner in posterior view: short and blunt (0); elongate and narrow (1).';
{468 'Calcaneum: proximodistally compressed (0); globular (1).';
{469 'Metatarsals, metatarsal I to metatarsal V proximodistal length ratio: 1.0 or greater (0); < 1.0 (1).';
{470 'Metatarsal I, dorsal/anterior surface: without foramina (0); several foramina present (1).';
{471 'Metatarsal I proximal articular surface, transverse axis orientation: angled ventromedially approximately 15º to (0); perpendicular to axis of shaft (1).';
{472 'Metatarsal I, robustness (proximal transverse width/greatest length): relatively gracile, < 0.8 (0); robust, 0.8 or more (1).';
{473 'Metatarsal I distal articular surface, transverse axis orientation: angled dorsomedially to (0); perpendicular to axis of shaft (1).';
{474 'Metatarsal I distal condyle, posterolateral projection: absent (0); present (1).';
{475 'Metatarsal I, distolateral projection, if present: small and blunt, not projecting considerably lateral to dorsal edge of distal articular surface (0); prominent and pointed, reaching significantly more laterally than dorsal edge of distal articular surface (1).';
{476 'Metatarsals I-III, rugosities on dorsolateral margins near distal ends: absent (0); present (1).';
{477 'Metatarsal II, robustness (mean transverse breadth proximal and distal/maximum length): slender, <0.53 (0); intermediate, 0.53-0.65 (1); robust, >0.65 (2).';
{478 'Metatarsal II, lateral margin in proximal view: concave (0); straight (1).';
{479 'Metatarsal II, rugosity on dorsolateral margin near distal end (if present): shallow (0); well-developed, extending to center of shaft (1).';
{480 'Metatarsal II distal condyle, posterolateral projection: absent (0); present (1).';
{481 'Metatarsal IV, proximal articular surface, outline: L- to V-shaped, with distinctly concave posterolateral edge (0); subtriangular (1).';
{482 'Metatarsal V, proximal articular surface, shape: triangular (0); rhomboid (1).';
{483 'Metatarsal V proximal end to distal end maximum mediolateral width ratio: 1.6 or greater (0); < 1.6 (1).';
{484 'Pes, phalanx I-1: proximal and ventral surfaces meet at approximately 90° (0); proximoventral corner drawn out into thin plate underlying metatarsal I (1).';
{485 'Pes, phalanx I-1, distal articular surface shape: wide, maximum transverse width > 1.1 times anteroposterior height (0); narrow, maximum transverse width 1.1 times anteroposterior height or less (1).';
{486 'Pes, phalanx II-2: well developed and subrectangular in dorsal view (0); reduced, with an irregular D-shaped outline and proximal and distal articular surfaces that meet virtually along dorsal and plantar margins (1).';
{487 'Pes, phalanges III-1 and IV-1: equal to longer than wide (0); wider than long (1).';
{488 'Pedal unguals, groove on lateral surface: follows curvature of claw (0); straight horizontally (1).';
;


proc /;
comments 607
{0 6 Chatterjee & Zheng 2002, fig. 5;
{0 113 58% (Whitlock 2011b);
{0 376 Zhang 1988, fig. 43;
{0 377 Zhang 1988, fig. 43;
{0 381 2.0;
{0 382 Zhang 1988, fig. 43;
{0 390 0.56;
{0 405 1.65;
{0 416 0.33;
{0 438 R: 0.22, L: 0.2;
{0 451 0.57;
{0 485 94/89 = 1.06;
{1 376 Remes et al. 2009, fig. 4;
{1 377 Remes et al. 2009, fig. 4;
{1 382 Remes et al. 2009, fig. 4;
{1 391 0.25;
{1 438 0.22;
{1 451 0.58;
{2 6 He et al. 1988, fig. 9;
{2 169 2 or 3?	;
{2 376 He et al. 1988, fig. 41;
{2 377 He et al. 1988, fig. 41;
{2 382 He et al. 1988, fig. 41;
{2 390 0.83;
{2 405 2, 1.87, 1.97, 1.56;
{2 416 <0.37;
{2 438 0.23, 0.24, 0.25, 0.25, 0.26 (mean: 0.25);
{2 451 0.63;
{2 485 1.62;
{3 6 Ouyang & Ye 2002, fig. 3;
{3 376 Taylor et al. 2011, fig. 9A;
{3 390 0.71;
{3 416 0.35;
{3 438 0.2;
{3 451 0.57;
{4 368 5.9 (incomplete);
{4 376 NHMUK R3078, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2011);
{4 390 0.71;
{4 391 0.32;
{4 393 1.45;
{4 438 0.21;
{4 441 134;
{4 472 0.81 (Upchurch et al. 2004b);
{4 485 1.1;
{5 6 MNN TIG, Chicago, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2014);
{5 113 55% (Whitlock 2011b);
{5 376 MNN TIG, Chicago (TW 63), ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2014);
{5 377 MNN TIG, Chicago (TW 63), ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2014);
{5 382 MNN TIG, Chicago (TW 63), ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2014);
{5 390 0.76;
{5 405 1.88;
{5 451 0.6

;
{6 304 amphicoelous;
{7 451 0.56;
{8 85 1.33;
{8 410 0.37;
{8 476 but remains on anterolateral edge;
{9 85 83/55 = 1.51;
{9 94 48°;
{9 141 pronounced in anerior cervicals, posterior poz not preserved;
{9 319 prezygapophyses are convex;
{9 326 subequal;
{9 405 1.94;
{10 6 USNM 13768, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by OM (2008);
{10 29 ambiguous, 0 or 2;
{10 62 0.3, 0.25;
{10 85 1.55;
{10 113 63% (Whitlock 2011b);
{10 376 Osborn & Mook 1921, fig. 80;
{10 377 Osborn & Mook 1921, fig. 80;
{10 382 Osborn & Mook 1921, fig. 80;
{10 405 1.69, 1.59, 1.79, 2.08;
{10 416 0.34;
{10 438 0.25;
{10 451 CM 11338: 0.62; GMNH-PV 101: 0.64; SMA 0002: 0.65;
{10 472 0.72 (McIntosh 1990a);
{10 485 1.23 (SMA 0002);
{11 438 0.27;
{12 85 1.59;
{12 376 YPM 1901, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2014);
{12 377 YPM 1901, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2014);
{12 382 YPM 1901, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2014);
{12 390 0.85;
{12 391 0.26;
{12 405 1.29;
{12 416 0.37;
{12 438 0.29;
{14 6 SMA 0002, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2010);
{14 376 SMA 0002, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by OM (2010);
{14 377 SMA 0002, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by OM (2010);
{14 382 SMA 0002, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by OM (2010);
{15 128 according to Mocho thesis;
{15 376 MIGM 5780, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2010);
{15 377 MIGM 5780, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2010);
{15 382 MIGM 5780, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2010);
{15 390 0.86

;
{15 391 0.25;
{15 416 0.38;
{15 438 0.27;
{15 439 incipient;
{15 451 0.63;
{17 402 0.3 (MB.R. P13), 0.31 (MB.R. P10), 0.29 (MB.R.2096.2; IX v3) (Bonaparte et al. 2000);
{17 462 0.45 (holotype); 0.43 (MB.R.2095.6, P7) (Bonaparte et al. 2000);
{17 463 1.81 (holotype), 1.76 (MB.R.2095.6, P7) (Bonaparte et al. 2000);
{19 304 platycoel (like Demandasaurus? Carballido et al., 2012);
{19 368 7.8;
{19 376 Schwarz et al. 2007, fig. 7;
{19 377 Schwarz et al. 2007, fig. 7;
{19 381 1.8;
{19 382 Schwarz et al. 2007, fig. 7;
{19 390 0.81;
{19 391 0.29;
{19 416 <0.33;
{19 438 0.26;
{19 451 0.83;
{20 6 MB.R.2223-1, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2014);
{20 62 1;
{20 85 1.16;
{20 113 68% (Whitlock 2011b);
{20 130 1.9, 1.9, 1.5, 1.1, 1.5, 1.6 (mean: 1.6);
{20 259 present in left pleurocoel of m-pDV MB.R.2181.87;
{20 368 7.1;
{20 376 MB.R.2727 (Y 10), ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2011);
{20 377 MB.R.2727 (Y 10), ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2011);
{20 382 MB.R.2727 (Y 10), ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2011);
{20 390 1.02;
{20 405 1.96;
{20 416 0.36;
{20 438 0.26, 0.23 (juvenile), 0.22, 0.22 (juvenile), 0.23 (juvenile), 0.26 (juvenile), 0.24, 0.23, 0.25 (mean: 0.24);
{20 451 0.58;
{20 485 1.5;
{21 6 USNM 5730; ET, pers. obs 2016. based on photo by ET (2014);
{21 390 1 (Janensch 1929);
{21 416 0.41;
{21 438 0.25;
{22 169 3.53	;
{23 402 0.21 (Royo-Torres et al. 2012);
{23 405 1.84 (Royo-Torres et al. 2012);
{23 451 0.57 (Canudo et al. 2008);
{23 462 0.56 (CT-19), 0.76 (MPZ99-9) (Royo-Torres et al. 2012);
{23 463 1.96 (CT-19); 1.24 (MPZ99-9); mean: 1.6 (Royo-Torres et al. 2012);
{23 472 0.47 (Canudo et al. 2008); 0.64 (Royo-Torres et al. 2012); mean: 0.56;
{23 477 0.5 (Canudo et al. 2008);
{24 130 1.63;
{24 369 0.54;
{24 376 Bonaparte et al. 2006, fig. 6;
{24 377 Bonaparte et al. 2006, fig. 6;
{24 381 1.95;
{24 382 Bonaparte et al. 2006, fig. 6;
{24 438 0.21;
{24 451 0.63;
{25 121 3.46, 3.36 (D'Emic et al. 2013);
{25 178 only in pCV;
{25 197 CvB: 2.85, CvC: 2.09;
{25 278 more posterior element subequal (D'Emic et al. 2013);
{25 304 amphicoelous, actually;
{25 318 1.31 (D'Emic et al. 2013);
{25 368 6.4 (D'Emic et al. 2013);
{25 376 D'Emic et al. 2013, fig. 17;
{25 377 D'Emic et al. 2013, fig. 17;
{25 381 1.7 (D'Emic et al. 2013);
{25 382 D'Emic et al. 2013, fig. 17;
{25 402 0.3;
{25 405 ca. 2 (D'Emic et al. 2013);
{25 426 0.35 (D'Emic et al. 2013)	;
{25 438 0.24 (D'Emic et al. 2013);
{25 441 1.7, actually... (D'Emic et al. 2013);
{25 444 0.38 (D'Emic et al. 2013);
{25 451 0.75 (D'Emic et al. 2013);
{26 376 Jain & Bandyopadhyay 1997, fig. 18;
{26 377 Jain & Bandyopadhyay 1997, fig. 18;
{26 381 1.5;
{26 382 Jain & Bandyopadhyay 1997, fig. 18;
{27 333 only anteriormost;
{27 376 Hatcher 1903, fig. 18;
{27 377 Hatcher 1903, fig. 18;
{27 382 Hatcher 1903, fig. 18;
{27 416 0.33;
{27 438 0.23;
{28 85 1.17;
{28 376 MUCPv-205, ET. pers. obs. 2016, based on photos by OM (2008);
{28 377 MUCPv-205, ET. pers. obs. 2016, based on photos by OM (2008);
{28 382 MUCPv-205, ET. pers. obs. 2016, based on photos by OM (2008);
{28 390 0.63;
{28 405 1.83;
{28 438 0.22;
{28 451 0.59;
{29 197 2.35;
{29 438 0.25;
{30 405 2;
{31 6 Sereno et al. 2007, supplementary video;
{31 85 1.24;
{31 113 95% (Whitlock 2011b);
{31 376 Sereno et al. 1999, fig. 2;
{31 377 Sereno et al. 1999, fig. 2;
{31 382 Sereno et al. 1999, fig. 2;
{32 304 anterior: flat, posterior: concave (Torcida Fernandez-Baldor et al. 2011);
{33 405 if distal: >1.97;
{34 85 0.83;
{34 96 6.9;
{34 113 74% (Whitlock 2011b);
{34 128 starts on c3;
{34 368 5.52;
{34 376 Harris 2007, fig. 11;
{34 400 D. sattleri (Janensch 1961);
{34 405 1.54 (D. sattleri);
{34 416 0.4;
{34 438 0.23;
{34 451 0.64;
{34 481 D. sattleri;
{35 416 0.42;
{36 22 based on Carabajal et al. 2014;
{36 33 based on Carabajal et al. 2014;
{36 64 based on Carabajal et al. 2014;
{36 67 based on Carabajal et al. 2014;
{36 69 based on Carabajal et al. 2014;
{36 75 based on Carabajal et al. 2014;
{36 85 1.12;
{36 101 based on Carabajal et al. 2014;
{36 148 based on Carabajal et al. 2014;
{36 149 based on Carabajal et al. 2014;
{36 150 based on Carabajal et al. 2014;
{36 151 based on Carabajal et al. 2014;
{36 152 based on Carabajal et al. 2014;
{36 153 based on Carabajal et al. 2014;
{36 155 based on Carabajal et al. 2014;
{36 390 0.69;
{36 405 1.69;
{36 416 0.4;
{36 438 0.23;
{36 451 0.61;
{37 63 11/5.6;
{37 85 4.5/3.5;
{37 113 74% (Whitlock 2011b);
{37 116 9;
{37 130 axis: 7.5/19; ;
{37 134 maybe present on posterior cervicals;
{37 162 present on axis;
{37 169 3.43;
{37 270 1.67;
{37 341 16/11;
{37 360 0 or 1;
{37 368 6.5;
{37 376 Harris 2007, fig. 1;
{37 377 Harris 2007, fig. 1;
{37 382 Harris 2007, fig. 1;
{37 459 82/43;
{38 405 1.15;
{38 485 1.10;
{39 438 0.18;
{40 438 0.18;
{41 358 12 (Riggs 1903); 13 (ET, pers. obs. 2014);
{41 416 0.32 (Riggs 1903, from figure);
{41 444 0.58 (Riggs 1903, measured from drawing);
{42 130 1.72;
{42 438 0.24;
{42 441 143;
{42 444 0.53;
{43 130 1.77;
{43 157 0.91;
{43 169 2.6;
{43 197 1.67;
{43 368 6.5 (Upchurch et al. 2004b);
{43 369 0.47 (Upchurch et al. 2004b);
{43 376 Upchurch et al. 2004b, fig. 4;
{43 377 Upchurch et al. 2004b, fig. 4;
{43 381 1.46;
{43 382 Upchurch et al. 2004b, fig. 4;
{43 411 0.95 (Upchurch et al. 2004b);
{43 416 R: 0.29; L 0.32 (Upchurch et al. 2004b);
{43 426 0.29 (Upchurch et al. 2004b);
{43 438 0.26;
{43 441 1.4;
{43 451 0.64;
{43 472 0.84 (Upchurch et al. 2004b);
{45 169 ca. 2.5;
{45 197 D11: 2.1; D12: 2.3; D13: 1.5 (mean: 1.95);
{46 219 Upchurch et al. 2004;
{46 220 McIntosh 1990, fig. 4.2B;
{46 222 McIntosh 1990, fig. 4.2B;
{46 224 McIntosh 1990, fig. 4.2B;
{46 225 McIntosh 1990, fig. 4.2B;
{46 226 McIntosh 1990, fig. 4.2B;
{46 227 McIntosh 1990, fig. 4.2B;
{46 228 McIntosh 1990, fig. 4.2B;
{46 252 not entirely clear which one is DV3;
{46 255 estimated based on photo;
{46 270 estimated from photo;
{46 274 only data from one mid-dorsal;
{46 281 estimated from photo of a single pDV;
{46 291 estimated from photo;
{47 62 0.32;
{47 113 84% (Whitlock 2011b);
{47 416 0.32 (NSMT-PV 20375);
{48 85 1.34;
{48 128 present but unclear where it starts;
{48 360 0 or 1;
{48 368 6.1;
{48 376 YPM 1860, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2011);
{48 381 1;
{48 382 YPM 1860, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2011);
{51 130 2.24

;
{51 197 1.13;
{52 128 starting at least in CV6;
{52 130 1.33;
{52 136 only between parap;
{52 169 CV6: 3.36, CV7: 2.57, CV8: 3, CV9: 2.8, CV10: 2.39 (mean: 2.83);
{52 193 bifurcated in anterior cervicals;
{52 197 CV11: 1.78, CV12: 1.76, CV13: 1.62, CV14: 1.36, CV15: 1.17;
{52 356 4.61, but more distal ones are more elongated;
{52 368 6.83;
{52 376 Gilmore 1936, fig. 9;
{52 377 Gilmore 1936, fig. 9;
{52 381 1.87;
{52 382 Gilmore 1936, fig. 9;
{52 389 0.72; 0.71 (Upchurch et al. 2004b);
{52 390 0.64;
{52 391 0.35;
{52 393 1.28;
{52 405 1.86 (Gilmore 1936), 2.25 (Bonnan 2001);
{52 410 0.35;
{52 411 0.8;
{52 438 0.27;
{52 451 0.62; 0.63 (Upchurch et al. 2004b);
{52 459 0.51;
{52 472 0.85 (Upchurch et al. 2004b);
{52 485 0.85;
{53 63 11/8.5 = 1.29;
{53 85 1.49;
{53 94 62°;
{53 96 8/2.5 = 3.2;
{54 376 Gilmore 1936, fig. 9;
{54 377 Gilmore 1936, fig. 9;
{54 382 Gilmore 1936, fig. 9;
{55 169 3.18;
{55 356 38: 11.6/3.5; 39: 12/2.5; 40: 13/3.4; 41: 11.5/2.3; 42: 12.8/2.6 43: 12/2.5; 44: 13/2.3; 47: 12.9/2.4; 53: 12.1/2.3; 58: 11.3/2; 62: 9.6/1.7;
{57 128 1 oder 2;
{57 130 1.0;
{57 136 sulcus only present between parapophyses;
{57 169 CV8: 2.5;
{57 173 not sure if original

;
{57 223 ant: backwards, mid: vertical;
{57 260 D4: 0.62, D5: 0.58, D8: 0.65;
{57 287 present in D5;
{57 290 mid: present, post: absent;
{57 358 12 (Riggs 1903);
{57 360 0 or 1, present in anterior ones	;
{57 368 6.94;
{57 369 0.5;
{57 376 Marsh 1881;
{57 377 Marsh 1881;
{57 382 Marsh 1881;
{57 389 0.67 (Upchurch et al. 2004b, estimated);
{57 390 0.62; 0.63 (Upchurch et al. 2004b);
{57 391 0.29;
{57 393 1.25;
{57 405 2.09;
{57 426 0.37;
{57 438 0.26;
{57 444 0.56;
{57 451 0.72; 0.61 (Upchurch et al. 2004b);
{57 459 0.45;
{58 286 spol is double, not divided...;
{58 390 0.64;
{58 391 0.33;
{58 426 42/104=0.4;
{58 451 0.63 (Upchurch et al. 2004b);
{58 459 0.47;
{59 128 0 or 1 or 2;
{59 157 50/30;
{59 162 present on axis;
{59 368 5.8;
{59 369 40/82, 40/72;
{59 376 Filla & Redman 1994;
{59 377 Filla & Redman 1994;
{59 381 1.84;
{59 382 Filla & Redman 1994;
{59 385 triangular;
{59 391 0.35;
{59 393 1.52;
{59 399 67/61;
{59 405 1.64;
{59 410 0.44;
{59 459 0.45;
{61 368 5.74;
{61 369 0.49;
{61 376 CM 566, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2011);
{61 382 CM 566, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2011);
{61 390 0.67;
{61 391 0.33;
{61 393 1.09;
{61 438 0.23;
{62 130 1.27;
{62 157 Cv3, 1.28; CV4, 1.11; CV5, 1.03 (if total height includes cervical ribs, derived!);
{62 169 CV7, 2.4; CV8, 2.45; CV9, 2.23; CV10, 2.64;
{62 368 6.26;
{62 376 Gilmore 1936, fig. 32;
{62 389 

0.68 (Upchurch et al. 2004b, estimated);
{62 390 0.64;
{62 391 0.37 (somewhat exaggerated due to crushing);
{62 405 1.81;
{62 410 0.38;
{62 416 0.35;
{62 426 0.39;
{62 438 0.26;
{62 451 0.59;
{63 376 BYU 1252-18531, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by OM (2014);
{63 377 BYU 1252-18531, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by OM (2014);
{63 382 BYU 1252-18531, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by OM (2014);
{65 19 16.1/15;
{65 28 7.5/10;
{65 62 0.21;
{65 94 37.5°;
{65 116 11;
{66 4 18.9;
{66 23 11/14;
{66 62 0.33;
{66 94 60°;
{66 96 7/1.5 = 4.67;
{66 116 10-11;
{67 62 0.14;
{67 113 79%;
{67 116 11-12;
{67 169 CV6: ~4;
{70 451 0.62;
{71 392 nearly 45° (Bedell & Trexler 2005);
{72 62 0.25, 0.24;
{72 85 1.02;
{72 169 5.4;
{72 303 neither rectangular nor petal shaped, usually...;
{72 304 no first caudal preserved;
{72 313 dd475, 117, 746, 349, 350, MB.R. 2957 procoelous, dd474 amphicoelous (not amphiplatyan!);
{72 368 6.6;
{72 391 0.32 (MB.R.2672), 0.31 (MB.R.2673);
{72 393 2672: 1.46; 2673: 1.15;
{72 399 21/24.8;
{72 416 0.36;
{72 438 0.25;
{72 451 0.64;
{73 368 6.17;
{73 369 0.49;
{73 376 MB.R.2729 (A4), ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by JN (2014);
{73 377 MB.R.2729 (A4), ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by JN (2014);
{73 382 MB.R.2729 (A4), ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by JN (2014);
{73 390 0.72;
{73 391 0.28;
{73 416 0.32;
{73 438 0.24;
{74 85 48/48;
{74 368 6.46;
{74 369 0.58;
{74 376 Remes 2006, fig. 4E;
{74 377 Remes 2006, fig. 4E;
{74 382 Remes 2006, fig. 4E;
{74 390 0.71;
{74 391 0.31;
{74 393 1.3;
{74 438 > 0.21;
{74 451 < 0.64;
{75 368 5.9;
{75 416 0.4;
{76 368 5.64;
{76 369 0.45;
{76 376 BYU 12962, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by DL (2005);
{76 377 BYU 12962, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by DL (2005);
{76 382 BYU 12962, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by DL (2005);
{77 169 3.7; ;
{77 416 0.38;
{77 426 0.38;
{81 128 according to Mocho (2016);
{81 236 according to Mocho (2016);
{81 308 Mocho (2016);
{81 313 Mocho (2016);
{81 319 Mocho (2016);
{83 4 15 (r), 19 (l);
{83 85 slightly broader;
{83 113 73%;
{83 116 10;
{85 94 nachmessen;
{85 139 BUT: posterior cervicals have bifurcated anterior ends of the pcdl, seems serial variation! Check in Diplodocus;
{85 209 present in anterior/mid-cervicals;
{85 368 5.9;
{85 376 HMNS 175, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2010);
{85 377 HMNS 175, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2010);
{85 381 2;
{85 382 HMNS 175, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2010);
{85 391 L 0.32; R 0.33;
{85 393 2.61;
{85 405 L 1.78, R 1.47 (Bonnan 2001); 1.67;
{85 416 0.35;
{85 459 0.44;
{86 4 10 (mean);
{86 62 0.08, 0.14;
{86 63 103/63, 103/52;
{86 85 43/42.. intermediate;
{86 96 L: 57/19, R: 51/15;
{86 113 72%;
{86 128 starting posterior to C7 (C8 or 9);
{86 129 at least 13;
{86 157 1.34;
{86 169 3.3;
{86 170 in one case it projects anteriorly (CV 10);
{86 197 1.7;
{86 221 in anterior ribs yes, mid- and posterior cervicals no;
{86 368 7.7;
{86 376 SMA 0011, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2012);
{86 382 SMA 0011, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2012);
{86 390 0.64;
{86 391 0.37;
{86 393 2.49;
{86 405 1.6;
{86 410 0.39;
{86 438 0.24;
{87 113 84% (Whitlock 2011b);
{87 416 0.4;
{87 472 0.82 (Upchurch et al. 2004b);
{91 128 starts at least by CV6;
{91 360 0 or 1;
{91 368 6.05;
{91 376 CM 84, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2011);
{91 416 0.4;
{91 438 0.25;
{92 169 mean: 3.84;
{92 197 2.63;
{92 202 maybe present in one mid-cervical;
{92 203 present in a mid-cervical;
{92 204 present in a mid-cervical;
{92 290 absent in last few, present in mid-dorsals;
{92 309 9 caudals with wing;
{92 311 anteriormost: 23/23; 27.5/22; 30/23; 31/23;
{92 318 anteriormost: 16, 14, 18, 20, 22, 21;
{92 341 14/32; 14/29.5;
{92 368 6.9;
{92 369 0.51;
{92 376 CM 94, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2011);
{92 377 CM 94, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2011);
{92 381 1.88;
{92 382 CM 94, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2011);
{92 416 0.4;
{92 438 L 0.25, R 0.24;
{92 451 0.72 (McIntosh 2005); 0.67 (Bonnan 2001);
{92 459 0.41 (Bonnan 2001); 103/42 (pers. obs.);
{94 341 Ca16: 1.8; Ca17: 1.75; Ca18: 1.78;
{95 341 2.38;
{95 376 Osborn 1899, fig. 14B;
{95 377 Osborn 1899, fig. 14B;
{95 382 Osborn 1899, fig. 14B;
{95 416 0.42;
{95 439 based on photo;
{95 440 based on photo;
{95 442 based on photo;
{95 443 based on photo;
{95 447 based on photo;
{96 368 6.06;
{96 376 Taylor et al. 2011, fig. 9B;
{96 377 Taylor et al. 2011, fig. 9B;
{96 380 not distinct, but present;
{96 381 1.88;
{96 382 Taylor et al. 2011, fig. 9B;
{96 390 0.63;
{96 438 0.2;
{96 451 0.75;
{96 459 44/106;
{97 212 post CV: 0;
{100 62 0.37, 0.35, 0.44;
{100 85 1.89;
{100 113 68% (Tschopp & Mateus, in press);
{100 128 starts in C8
;
{100 129 1 or 2;
{100 182 only in posterior cervicals;
{100 200 starting at least in Cv7;
{101 143 starting in CV9;
{103 130 31/51=0.61; 34/54=0.63, 50/64=0.78; mean=0.67;
{103 166 wide in mid-cervicals, probable that in anterior it gets absent...;
{103 169 71/14=5.07, others less...;
{103 202 maybe in last cervical;
{104 143 CV 1-9 all single;
{104 169 6: 20/5.7 - 7: 27.2/5.4 - 8: 31.8/6 - 9:35.5/7.4 ranges from 3.51 to 5.3... schnitt: 4.6;
{105 128 starts in c9;
{105 130 YPM 429: 54/38; incomplete, but probably not 1.5 times; 72/32;
{105 416 0.4;
{105 472 0.85 (McIntosh 1990a);
{106 169 4.83, 3.72, 3.15;
{106 311 37/24=1.54;
{106 318 anteriormost: 15, 16, 23, 24, 29;
{106 327 in one anteriormost absent;
{106 341 post anterior: 24/20; ant mid: 29/17;
{107 130 CV8: 0.82; CV9: 0.81; CV10: 0.85; CV11: 0.8; CV12: 0.81; CV13: 0.83; CV14: 0.81; CV15: 0.81; CV16: 0.82;
{107 197 CV11: 4.33; CV12: 3.76; CV13: 3.3; CV14: 3.31; CV15: 2.81; CV16: 2.58;
{107 314 distal anterior caudals without foramina;
{107 328 Cd11: 0;
{107 341 17.5, 12.5, 7.2; 18.9, 13.7, 7.4; 26.6, 21.1; 11.1; cd17: 28.8, 30.1, 16.7; cd19: 28.8, 28.1, 15.1;;
{107 368 6.36;
{107 376 AMNH 6341, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2011);
{107 382 AMNH 6341, ET, pers. obs. 2016, based on photo by ET (2011);
{107 390 0.71;
{107 391 0.24;
{107 393 1.69;
{107 438 0.24;
{107 451 0.74 (McIntosh 2005); 0.75 (Bonnan 2001);
{107 459 0.42;
{107 485 0.97;
{109 390 0.66;
{109 451 0.71;
{110 143 CV 3 and probably 5 single;
{115 158 1.4;
{118 376 Galiano & Albersdörfer 2010, fig. 13;
;