[Supplementary Information Heckeberg (2019) – The systematics of the Cervidae: a total evidence approach – PeerJ] Dental Characters 1. P2 - Number of lingual cones 1 (0); 2 cones, but connected (1); 2 cones completely separate (2). 2. P2 - Central fold absent (0); present (1); present, more than one (2). 3. P2 - Orientation of central fold anteriad (0); posteriad (1); straight (2). 4. P2 - Anterolingual crista and anterior style/anterolabial crista fused (0); separate (1). 5. P2 - Posterolingual crista and posterior style/posterolabial crista fused (0); separate (1). 6. P2 - Length compared to P3 < P3 (0); >/= P3 (1). 7. P2 - Length compared to P4 < 100 % (0); 100 % - 119 % (1); >/= 120 % (2). 8. P2 - morphology, elements unicuspid (0); fewer tooth crown elements than P3 (1); smaller & less pronuonced lingual tooth crown elements (2); similar tooth crown morphology as P3 (3). 9. P3 - Number of lingual cones 1 (0); 2 cones, but connected (1); 2 cones completely separate (2). 10. P3 - Central fold absent (0); present (1); present, more than one (2). 11. P3 - Orientation of central fold anteriad (0); posteriad (1); straight (2). 12. P3 - Anterolingual crista and anterior style/anterolabial crista fused (0); separate (1). 13. P3 - Posterolingual crista and posterior style/posterolabial crista fused (0); separate (1). 14. P3 - Length compared to P4 > 100 % (0); 80 % (2). 22. M1 - 'protocone fold' absent (0); present (1). 23. M1 - metaconule fold absent (0); present (1). 24. M2 - 'protocone fold' absent (0); present (1). 25. M2 - Metaconule fold absent (0); present (1). 26. M3 - 'protocone fold' absent (0); present (1). 27. M3 - Metaconule fold absent (0); present (1). 28. M3 - Metacone & metaconule compared to paracone & protocone "± same size (0); distinctively smaller (1). 29. Upper molars - Indentation of anterior & posterior walls of lingual cones absent (0); present (1). 30. Upper molars - Serration of premetaconule crista absent (0); present (1). 31. Upper molars - Enlarged dentine area on paracone & metacone absent (0); present (1). 32. Upper molars - Entostyles absent or weakly present on one molar (0); clearly present on one or more molars (1); lambda-shaped (at least on one molar) (2). 33. Upper molars - 'Labial ribs' between styles absent or weak (0); present; often more distinctive on paracone, sometimes only on M3 (1); present & large on all molars (2). 34. Upper molars - Lingual cingulum absent (0); present (1). 35. Upper molars - Postprotocrista & premetaconulecrista unfused (un- to medium worn condition) (0); fused (1). 36. p2 - Orientation of anterior stylid longitudinal (0); transverse (1). 37. p2 - Transverse cristid absent (0); present (1). 38. p2 - Origination of transverse cristid from mesolabial conid (0); from further posterior (detached from mesolabial conid) (1). 39. p2 - Orientation of posterior elements transverse (0); diagonal (1). 40. p2 - Length compared to p4 >/= 95 % (0); 80 % - 94 % (1); < 80 % (2). 41. p3 - Anterior stylid absent (0); present (1). 42. p3 - Orientation of anterior elements diagonal (0); transverse (1). 43. p3 - Orientation of posterior elements transverse (0); diagonal (1). 44. p3 - Mesolingual conid absent (0); present (1). 45. p3 - Mesolingual cristid(s) absent (0); present (1). 46. p3 - Mesolingual conid in line with mesolabial conid (0); offset (1). 47. p3 - Labial incision absent (0); present (1). 48. p3 - Orientation of transverse cristid straight (0); diagonal (1). 49. p3 - Transverse cristid & mesolingual conid fused (0); separate (1). 50. p3 - Origination of transverse cristid from mesolabial conid (0); from further posterior (detached from mesolabial conid) (1). 51. p3 - Length compared to p4 < 100 % (0); >/= 100 % (1). 52. p4 - Anterior stylid absent (0); present (1). 53. p4 - Orientation of anterior elements diagonal (0); transverse (1). 54. p4 - Anterior conid & anterior stylid separate from mesolingual conid (0); fused with mesolingual conid (1). 55. p4 - Orientation of transverse cristid straight (0); bent or zig-zag (1); diagonal (2). 56. p4 - Transverse cristid & mesolingual conid fused (0); separate (1). 57. p4 - Origination of transverse cristid from mesolabial conid (0); from further posterior (detached from mesolabial conid) (1). 58. p4 - Mesolingual cristid(s) absent (0); present (1). 59. p4 - Anterior valley open (0); lingual wall (1); entirely closed (2). 60. p4 - Orientation of posterior elements transverse (0); diagonal (1). 61. p4 - Posterolingual conid connected with other element(s) (0); separate (1). 62. p4 - Posterolabial conid connected with other elements (0); separate (1). 63. p4 - Labial incision absent or weak (0); present & deep (1). 64. Lower premolars - Ratio: length premolars TO length molars 50 % - 65 % (0); > 65 % (1). 65. m3 - 'Third lobe' large, consisting of hypoconulid only (0); consisting of hypoconulid & entoconulid, central cavity (1); hypo/entoconulid crescent-shaped (open anterolingual) (2). 66. m3 - Orientation of 'third lobe' lingual wall parallel to lingual wall of metaconid & entoconid (0); lingual wall inclined compared to lingual wall of meta- & entoconid (1). 67. Lower molars - Relative strength of labial conids of m1 compared to m2 stronger in m1 (0); equal (1); stronger in m2 (2). 68. Lower molars - Orientation of metastylid "± in line with tooth walls (0); bent linguad (1). 69. Lower molars - Outline of lingual conids & stylids "± smooth (0); with deep incisions (1). 70. Lower molars - Orientation of lingual conid complexes in relation to mandible axis acute angle (0); in line/parallel (1). 71. Lower molars - External postprotocristid absent (0); present (1). 72. Lower molars - Ectostylids present on 2 or more molars (0); variably present on 1 or more molars, never big, absent in some specimens (1); always absent (2). 73. Lower molars - Ectostylid size absent or low, not connected to postmetacristid and preentocristid until late in life (0); high, forming part of occlusal plane at least on one molar (1). 74. Lower molars - Anterior cingulid absent or very weak, tooth slightly elongated might have prominent anterior stylid (0); present at least on one molar (1). 75. Other dentition - i1 Morphology as other incisors (0); distinctively broadened (1). 76. Other dentition - Shape of lower incisor/canine insertion line half circle, rounded, may be triangular (0); straight or slightly arched (1). 77. Other dentition - Ratio: base width TO crown width across lower incisors/canines < 77 % (0); 77 % - 84 % (1); > 84 % (2). 78. Other dentition - Lower incisors/canines in lateral view procumbent (almost horizontal) (0); upright (1). 79. Upper canines - appearance (males) absent (0); present, but very small, only during certain life stages (1); clearly present throughout life (2); enlarged (3).