编号
Gender of the sample
Age of the sample
Education level
Only child or not
Type of residence
Annual family income
Number of days of vigorous intensity physical activity in the past 7 days
On average, how long did you participate in vigorous intensity physical activity each day during the days mentioned above
Number of days of moderate intensity physical activity in the past 7 days
On average, how long did you participate in moderate intensity physical activity each day during the days mentioned above
Number of days of walking in the past 7 days
On average, how long did you participate in walking each day during the days mentioned above
Sitting time per day for the past 7 days
Missing planned work due to smartphone use.
Having a hard time concentrating in class, while doing assignments, or while working due to smartphone use.
Feeling pain in the wrists or at the back of the neck while using a smartphone.
Won’t be able to stand not having a smartphone.
Feeling impatient and fretful when I am not holding my smartphone.
Having my smartphone in my mind even when I am not using it.
I will never give up using my smartphone even when my daily life is already greatly affected by it.
Constantly checking my smartphone so as not to miss conversations between other people on social networking platforms.
Using my smartphone longer than I had intended.
The people around me tell me that I use my smartphone too much.
I feel emotionally drained by my studies.
I feel used up at the end of a day at university.
I feel tired when I get up in the morning and I have to face another day at the university.
Studying or attending a class is really a strain for me.
I feel burned out from my studies.
I have become less interested in my studies since my enrollment at the university.
I have become less enthusiastic about my studies.
I have become more cynical about the potential usefulness of my studies.
I doubt the significance of my studies.
I can effectively solve the problems that arise in my studies.
I believe that I make an effective contribution to the classes that I attend.
In my opinion, I am a good student.
I feel stimulated when I achieve my study goals.
I have learned many interesting things during the course of my studies.
During class I feel confident that I am effective in getting things done.
Reverse scoring of PE1
Reverse scoring of PE2
Reverse scoring of PE3
Reverse scoring of PE4
Reverse scoring of PE5
Reverse scoring of PE6
Total score of exhaustion
Total score of cynicism
Total score of professional efficacy
Reverse scoring of PE
= 8 * VPA_days * VPA_minutes
= 4 * MPA_days * MPA_minutes
= 3.3 * Walking_days * Walking_minutes
= VPA + MPA
= VPA + MPA + Walking
Total score for problematic smartphone use
= EX + CY + rPE
Gender was a dummy variable.
Zscore(PA)
Zscore(PSU)
Zscore(Burnout)
Zscore(EX)
Zscore(CY)
Zscore(PE)
Zscore(rPE)