#NEXUS [written Wed Sep 13 16:27:50 CST 2023 by Mesquite version 3.6 (build 917) at LAPTOP-HKUFOHPQ/124.16.246.130] BEGIN TAXA; TITLE Taxa; DIMENSIONS NTAX=39; TAXLABELS Tapirus_terrestris Hyrachyus_eximius Trigonias_osborni Ronzotherium_filholi Bugtirhinus_praecursor Elasmotherium_caucasicum Elasmotherium_sibiricum Hispanotherium_matritense Hispanotherium_tungurense Procoelodonta_mongoliense Parelasmotherium_schansiense Parelasmotherium_linxiaense Ningxiatherium_longirhinus Sinotherium_lagrelii Brachypotherium_brachypus Diceratherium_armatum Menoceras_arikarense Prosantorhinus_douvillei Protaceratherium_minutum Elasmotherium_primigenium Caementodon_caucasicum Iranotherium_morgani Tongxinotherium_latirhinum Plesiaceratherium_fahlbuschi Plesiaceratherium_gracile Plesiaceratherium_lumiarense Plesiaceratherium_platyodon Plesiaceratherium_tongxinense Prosantorhinus_yei Chilotherium_anderssoni Chilotherium_wimani Aceratherium_incisivum Acerorhinus_yuanmouensis Acerorhinus_zernowi Alicornops_simorrense Hoploaceratherium_tetradactylum Shansirhinus_ringstroemi Mesaceratherium_gaimersheimense Mesaceratherium_welcommi ; END; BEGIN CHARACTERS; TITLE 30_taxa; DIMENSIONS NCHAR=282; FORMAT DATATYPE = STANDARD RESPECTCASE GAP = - MISSING = ? SYMBOLS = " 0 1 2 3"; CHARSTATELABELS 1 'Nasal: lateral apophysis' / absent_ present_, 2 'Maxilla: foramen infraorbitalis' / above_premolars_ above_molars_, 3 Nasal_notch / 'above P1-3' 'above P4-M1', 4 Nasal_septum / never_ossified_ 'ossified (sometimes->always) ', 5 'Nasal septum: ossified' / partly_ totally_, 6 'Nasal/lachrymal: contact' / long_ punctual_or_absent_, 7 'Orbit: anterior border' / 'above P4-M1 ' 'above M2-3 ' behind_the_level_of_M3_, 8 'Lachrymal: processus lachrymalis' / present_ absent_, 9 'Frontal: processus postorbitalis' / present_ absent_, 10 'Maxilla: base of the processus zygomaticus maxillari' / high_ low_, 11 Zygomatic_arch / low_ _high very_high_, 12 'Zygomatic arch: processus postorbitalis' / present_ absent_, 13 'Zygomatic arch: processus postorbitalis' / on_jugal_ on_squamosal_, 14 'Jugal/squamosal: suture' / smooth_ rugose_, 15 'Skull: dorsal profile' / flat_ concave_ very_concave_, 16 'Sphenoid: foramina sphenorbitale & rotundum' / distinct_ 'fused (foramen ovale) ', 17 'Squamosal: area between temporal and nuchal crests' / flat_ depression_, 18 'External auditory pseudo-meatus' / open_ partly_closed_ 'totally closed (circular) ', 19 Occipital_side / inclined_forward_ vertical_ inclined_backward_, 20 'Occipital: nuchal tubercle' / small_ developed_ much_developed_, 21 'Skull: back of tooth row' / in_the_posterior_half_ in_the_anterior_half_, 22 'Pterygoid: posterior margin' / nearly_horizontal_ nearly_vertical_, 23 Skull / dolichocephalic_ brachycephalic_, 24 'Nasal bones: rostral end' / narrow_ broad_ _very_broad, 25 Nasal_bones / totally_separated_ anteriorly_separated_ fused_, 26 Nasal_bones / long_ short_ very_long_, 27 Median_nasal_horn / absent_ present_, 28 Median_nasal_horn / small_ large_, 29 Paired_nasal_horns / absent_ present_, 30 Paired_nasal_horns / terminal_bumps_ lateral_crests_, 31 Frontal_horn / absent_ present_, 32 Frontal_horn / small_ huge_, 33 'Orbit: lateral projection' / absent_ present_, 34 'Zygomatic/frontal widths' / less_than_1.5_ equals_or_more_than_1.5_, 35 'Frontal-parietal' / sagittal_crest_ 'close fronto-parietal crests ' distant_crests_, 36 Occipital_crest / concave_ straight_ forked_, 37 'Maxilla: processus zygomaticus maxillari' / progressive_ brutal_, 38 Vomer / sharp_ rounded_, 39 'Squamosal: articular tubercle' / smooth_ 'sharp, carinated ', 40 'Squamosal: transversal profile of the articular tubercle' / straight_ concave_, 41 'Squamosal: foramen postglenoideum' / distant_from_the_processus_postglenoidalis_ close_to_it_, 42 'Squamosal: processus postglenoidalis (articulation, in cross section)' / flat_ convex_ right_dihedron_, 43 'Basioccipital: foramen nervi hypoglossi' / in_the_middle_of_the_fossa_ dorsolaterally_shifted_, 44 'Basioccipital: sagittal crest on the basilar process' / absent_ present_, 45 'Squamosal: posterior groove on the processus zygomaticus' / absent_ present_, 46 'Squamosal-occipital: processus posttympanicus and processus paraoccipitalis' / fused_ distant_, 47 'Squamosal: processus posttympanicus' / 'well-developed ' 'little-developed ' huge_, 48 'Occipital: processus paraoccipitalis' / 'well-developed ' 'little-developed ', 49 'Occipital: foramen magnum' / circular_ subtriangular_, 50 'Basioccipital: median ridge on the condyle' / absent_ present_, 51 'Basioccipital: median truncation on the condyle' / absent_ present_, 52 'Basioccipital: median truncation on the condyle' / present_at_juvenile_stage_only still_present_at_adult_stage_, 53 'Symphysis (orientation)' / very_upraised_ upraised_ nearly_horizontal_ sloping_down_, 54 Symphysis / spindly_ massive_ very_massive_, 55 'Symphysis: posterior margin' / in_front_of_p2_ 'at level of p2-4 ', 56 Foramen_mentale / in_front_of_p2_ 'at level of p2-4 ', 57 'Corpus mandibulae: lingual groove' / present_ absent_, 58 'Corpus mandibulae: lingual groove' / still_present_at_adult_stage_ present_at_juvenile_stage_only_, 59 'Corpus mandibulae: base' / straight_ convex_ very_convex_, 60 Ramus / vertical_ inclined_forward_ inclined_backward_, 61 'Ramus: processus coronoideus' / 'well-developed ' 'little-developed ', 62 Foramen_mandibulare / 'below teeth-neck line ' 'above teeth-neck level ', 63 'Compared length of P-p/M-m' / '(100 * LP3-4/LM1-3)>50' '42<(100 * LP3-4/LM1-3)<50 ' '(100 * LP3-4/LM1-3)<42 ', 64 'Cheek teeth: enamel foldings' / absent_ weak_ developed_ intense_, 65 'Cheek teeth: cement' / absent_ present_, 66 'Cheek teeth: cement' / weak_or_variable_ abundant_, 67 'Cheek teeth: aspect of the enamel' / wrinkled_ wrinkled_and_corrugated_ corrugated_and_arborescent, 68 'Cheek teeth: crown' / low_ high_, 69 'Cheek teeth: crown' / high_ partial_hypsodonty_ hypsodonty_ hypselodonty_, 70 'Cheek teeth: roots' / distinct_ joined_ fused_, 71 I1 / present_ absent_, 72 'I1: shape of the crown (cross section)' / almond_ oval_ halfmoon_, 73 I2 / present_ absent_, 74 I3 / present_ absent_, 75 C / present_ absent_, 76 i1 / present_ absent_, 77 'i1: crown' / 'developed, with a pronounced neck ' 'reduced and/or vestigial ', 78 i2 / present_ absent_, 79 'i2: shape' / 'incisor-like ' 'tusk-like ', 80 'i2: orientation' / parallel_ diverging_rostrally_, 81 i3 / present_ absent_, 82 c / present_ absent_, 83 'Upper premolars: labial cingulum' / always_present_ usually_present_ usually_absent_ always_absent_, 84 'P2-4: crochet' / always_absent_ usually_absent_ usually_present_ always_present_, 85 'P2-4: crochet' / always_simple_ usually_simple_ usually_multiple_ always_multiple, 86 'P2-4: metaloph constriction' / absent_ present_, 87 'P2-4: lingual cingulum' / always_present_ usually_present_ usually_absent_ always_absent_, 88 'P2-4: lingual cingulum' / continuous_ usually_reduced_ always_reduced, 89 'P2-4: postfossette' / _narrow wide_ posterior_wall_, 90 'P2-3: antecrochet' / always_absent_ usually_absent_ usually_present_ always_present_, 91 'P1 (in adults)' / always_present_ usually_present_ usually_absent_, 92 'P1: antero-lingual cingulum' / present_ sometimes_absent_, 93 P2 / present_ absent_, 94 'P2: protocone and hypocone' / '(most usually) fused ' '(most usually) lingual bridge ' '(most usually) separate' '(most usually) lingual wall ', 95 'P2: metaloph' / hypocone_posterior_to_metacone_ transverse_ hypocone_anterior_to_metacone_, 96 'P2: lingual groove' / present_ absent_, 97 'P2: protocone/hypocone' / equal_or_stronger_ less_strong_, 98 'P2: protoloph' / present_ absent_, 99 'P2: protoloph' / joined_to_the_ectoloph_ sometimes_interrupted_ always_interrupted, 100 'P3-4: medifossette' / always_absent_ usually_absent_ usually_present_ always_present_, 101 'P3-4: constriction of the protocone' / always_absent_ usually_absent usually_present_ always_present_, 102 'P3-4: protocone and hypocone' / '(most usually) fused ' '(most usually) lingual bridge ' '(most usually) separate' '(most usually) lingual wall ', 103 'P3-4: metaloph' / transverse_ hypocone_posterior_to_metacone_ hypocone_anterior_to_metacone_, 104 'P3: protoloph' / joined_to_the_ectoloph_ interrupted_, 105 'P3: crista' / always_absent_ usually_absent_ usually_present_ always_present_, 106 'P3: pseudometaloph' / always_absent_ usually_present_, 107 'P4: antecrochet' / always_absent_ usually_absent_ usually_present_ always_present_, 108 'P4: metacone and hypocone' / _joined separated_, 109 'Upper molars: labial cingulum' / always_present_ usually_present_ usually_absent_ always_absent_, 110 'Upper molars: antecrochet' / always_absent_ usually_absent_ usually_present_ always_present_, 111 'Upper molars: crochet' / always_absent__ usually_absent_ usually_present_ always_present_, 112 'Upper molars: crista' / always_absent_ usually_absent_ usually_present_ always_present_, 113 'Upper molars: medifossette' / always_absent_ usually_absent_ usually_present_, 114 'Upper molars: lingual cingulum' / always_present_ usually_present_ usually_absent_ always_absent_, 115 'M1-2: constriction of the protocone' / always_absent_ usually_absent_ usually_present_ always_present_, 116 'M1-2: constriction of the protocone' / weak_ strong_, 117 'M1-2: paracone fold' / present_ absent_, 118 'M1-2: paracone fold' / strong_ weak_, 119 'M1-2: metacone fold' / present_ absent_, 120 'M1-2: metastyle' / short_ long_, 121 'M1-2: metaloph' / long_ short_, 122 'M1-2: posterior part of the ectoloph' / straight_ concave_, 123 'M1-2: cristella' / always_absent_ usually_present_ always_present_, 124 'M1-2: posterior cingulum' / continuous_ low_and_interrupted_, 125 'M1: metaloph' / continuous_ hypocone_isolated_, 126 'M1: antecrochet-hypocone' / always_separated_ sometimes_joined_ always_joined_, 127 'M1: postfossette' / present_ usually_collapsing_at_early_stages_of_wear_, 128 'M2: protocone, lingual groove' / always_absent_ usually_absent_ always_present_, 129 'M2: metaloph' / continuous_ hypocone_isolated_, 130 'M2: mesostyle' / absent_ present_, 131 'M2: mesostyle' / weak_ strong_, 132 'M2: antecrochet and hypocone' / separated_ joined_, 133 'M3: ectoloph and metaloph' / distinct_ 'fused (ectometaloph) ', 134 'M3: shape' / quadrangular_ triangular_, 135 'M3: constriction of the protocone' / always_absent_ usually_absent_ always_present_, 136 'M3: protocone' / 'trefoil-shaped ' indented_, 137 'M3: protoloph' / transverse_ mesiodistally_elongated_, 138 'M3: posterior groove on the ectometaloph' / present_ absent_, 139 'p2-3: vertical external rugosity' / absent_ present_, 140 'Lower cheek teeth: external groove' / developed_ 'smooth (U-shaped) ' 'acute (V-shaped) ', 141 'Lower cheek teeth: external groove' / vanishing_before_the_neck_ reaching_the_neck_, 142 'Lower cheek teeth: trigonid' / angular_ rounded_, 143 'Lower cheek teeth: trigonid' / obtuse_or_right_dihedron_ acute_dihedron_, 144 'Lower cheek teeth: metaconid' / joined_to_the_metalophid_ constricted_, 145 'Lower cheek teeth: entoconid' / joined_to_the_hypolophid_ constricted_, 146 'Lower premolars: lingual opening of the posterior valley (lingual view)' / 'U-shaped ' 'V-shaped ', 147 'Lower premolars: lingual cingulum' / always_present_ usually_present_ usually_absent_ always_absent_, 148 'Lower premolars: lingual cingulum' / reduced_ continuous_, 149 'Lower premolars: labial cingulum' / present_ usually_absent absent, 150 'Lower premolars: labial cingulum' / continuous_ reduced_, 151 'd1/p1 (in adults)' / always_present_ usually_present_ usually_absent_ always_absent_, 152 d1 / always_biradiculate_ usually_biradiculate_ 'always one-rooted ', 153 p2 / always_present_ usually_present_ always_absent_, 154 'p2: paralophid' / 'isolated, spur-like ' 'curved, without constriction ', 155 'p2: paraconid' / developed_ reduced_, 156 'p2: posterior valley' / always_open_lingually usually_open usually_closed_ always_closed, 157 'Lower molars: lingual cingulum' / always_present_ _usually_present usually_absent_ always_absent_, 158 'Lower molars: lingual cingulum' / reduced_ continuous_, 159 'Lower molars: labial cingulum' / always_present_ usually_present_ usually_absent_ always_absent_, 160 'Lower molars: labial cingulum' / continuous_ reduced_, 161 'Lower molars: hypolophid' / transverse_ oblique_ almost_mesiodistally_oriented_, 162 'm2-3: lingual groove of the entoconid' / absent_ present_, 163 dI1 / present_ absent_, 164 dI2 / present_ absent_, 165 'D2: mesostyle' / present_ absent_, 166 'D3-4: mesostyle' / absent_ present_, 167 'D2: lingual wall' / absent_ present_, 168 'D2: secondary folds' / absent_ present_, 169 'D2: mesoloph' / absent_ present_, 170 di1 / present_ absent_, 171 di2 / present_ absent_, 172 'Lower milk teeth: constriction of the metaconid' / present_ absent_, 173 'Lower milk teeth: constriction of the entoconid' / absent_ present_, 174 'Lower milk teeth: protoconid fold' / present_ absent_, 175 'd1 (in juveniles)' / present_ absent_, 176 'd2-3: vertical external rugosities' / absent_ present_, 177 'd2-3: ectolophid fold' / present_ absent_, 178 'd2: anterior groove on the ectolophid' / absent_ present_, 179 'd2: paralophid' / simple_ double_, 180 'd2: posterior valley' / always_open_ usually_open_ usually_closed_ always_closed_, 181 'd3: paralophid' / double_ simple_, 182 'd3: lingual groove on the entoconid' / always_absent_ usually_absent_ always_present_, 183 'Atlas: outline of the rachidian canal' / bulb_ mushroom_, 184 'Atlas: alar notch' / absent_ present_, 185 'Atlas: foramen vertebrale lateralis' / absent_ present_, 186 'Atlas: condylar facets' / 'comma-like ' 'kidney-like ', 187 'Atlas: axis-facets' / straight_ sigmoid_ transversally_concave_, 188 'Atlas: foramen transversarium' / present_ absent_, 189 'Atlas: foramen transversarium' / 'beside the axis-facet ' 'hidden by the axis-facet ', 190 Scapula / 'elongated (1.5