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[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"V9 update:"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"*Add a new button in Summary tab to synchronize results between Results and Summary tabs"]
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[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"V8 update:"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"*Added judgement-level comment in the summary table"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"*Removed \"Double click on this column…\" label in the comments after enter"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"*Corrected spelling mistakes"]

{"sheet":"Results","index":1,"n_rows":17,"n_cols":85,"rows_kept":17,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[0,0,0,12],[0,13,0,22],[0,23,0,40],[0,41,0,53],[0,54,0,68],[0,69,0,79],[0,80,0,83]]}
["Basic information",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Domain 1. Randomization process",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Domain 2. Deviations from intended interventions",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Domain 3. Mising outcome data",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Domain 4. Measurement of the outcome",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Domain 5. Selection of the reported result",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Domain 6. Overall Bias"]
["Time","Unique ID","Assessor","Study ID","Reference","Experimental","Comparator","Outcome","Results","Aim","Effect of adhering to intervention?","Weight","Sources","1.1","1.2","Note for 1.1&1.2","1.3","Note for 1.3","1.0 Algorithm result","1.0 Assessor's Judgement","1.0 General note","1.0 Optional Question","1.0 Note for optional question","2.1","2.2","Note for 2.1&2.2","2.3","Note for 2.3","2.4","Note for 2.4","2.5","Note for 2.5","2.6","Note for 2.6","2.7","Note for 2.7","2.0 Algorithm result","2.0 Assessor's Judgement","2.0 General Notes","2.0 Optional Question","2.0 Note for optional question","3.1","Note for 3.1","3.2","Note for 3.2","3.3","Note for 3.3&3.4","3.4","Note for 3.4 (not use)","3.0 Algorithm result","3.0 Assessor's judgement","3.0 Gerenal notes","3.0 Optional Question","3.0 Note for optional question","4.1","Note for 4.1","4.2","Note for 4.2","4.3","Note for 4.3","4.4","Note for 4.4&4.5","4.5","Note for 4.5 (not use)","4.0 Algorithm result","4.0 Assessor's Judgement","4.0 General note","4.0 Optional Question","4.0 Note for optional question","5.1","Note for 5.1","5.2","Note for 5.2","5.3","Note for 5.3","5.0 Algorithm result","5.0 Assessor's Judgement","5.0 General note","5.0 Optional Question","5.0 Note for optional question","Algorithm's overall Judgement","Assessor's overall Judgement","6.0 General Note","6.0 Optional Question","6.0 Note for optional question"]
["2025/06/26 14.18","A1","Feiyun Song","１０００－７４４Ｘ（２０２４）１０－１６７９－０２","１０００－７４４Ｘ（２０２４）１０－１６７９－０２","VR＋PR","PR","6MWT","ｍ","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)","NA",1," Journal article(s)","Y","PY","A total of 68 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) from our hospital between June 2020 and June 2023 were selected as the study subjects and randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, each with 34 cases. In the observation group, there were 21 males and 13 females; age (56.12 ± 8.32) years; disease duration (16.12 ± 7.42) years;","N","There were no significant differences in baseline data between the two groups prior to intervention.","Low","Low",null,null,null,"PY","Y","Because participants are conducting experiments under the supervision of implementers.","N","No participants dropped out.","NA",null,"NA",null,"Y","Exercise endurance: Assessed before intervention and at 4 weeks and 8 weeks post-intervention using a 6-minute walk test.Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 statistical software. Quantitative data are expressed as (x ± s) and were analyzed using t-tests; categorical data are expressed as percentages and were analyzed using chi-square tests. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.","NA",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"PY",null,"NA",null,"NA",null,"NA",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"N","A 6-minute walk is already a commonly used international measurement indicator for COPD.","N",null,"Y",null,"PN",null,"NA",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"N",null,"NI",null,"NI",null,"Some concerns","Some concerns",null,"Towards null ",null,"Some concerns","Low"]
["2025/06/26 17.33","A2","Feiyun Song","1002－0217( 2021) 03－0291－04","1002－0217( 2021) 03－0291－04","VR＋PR","VR＋PR","6MWT","6MWT","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)","NA",1," Journal article(s)","Y","PY","Participants were randomly assigned to an observation group (n = 25) and a control group (n = 25). During the intervention, 3 participants withdrew from the observation group and 4 withdrew from the control group. Ultimately, 22 participants were included in the observation group and 21 in the control group.","N","The two groups of patients had comparable general clinical data (P > 0.05), as shown in Table 1.","Low","Low",null,null,null,"PY","Y","The nurse and rehabilitation physician introduce the device, demonstrate it on site, and then explain each movement in detail. Patients are then invited to try it out, and the nurse in charge and rehabilitation physician promptly correct any incorrect movements.","NI","Not mentioned in the article","NA",null,"NA",null,"Y","Although some participants dropped out during the process, the two groups were very similar in size, and there were no differences in baseline data.","NA",null,"Some concerns","Some concerns",null,null,null,"Y",null,"NA",null,"NA",null,"NA",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"N",null,"N",null,"Y",null,"N",null,"NA",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"N",null,"N",null,"N",null,"Some concerns","Some concerns",null,null,null,"Some concerns","Some concerns"]
["2025/06/26 17.34","A3","Feiyun Song"," DOI:10.27351/d.cnki.gszhu.2020.003909. "," DOI:10.27351/d.cnki.gszhu.2020.003909. ","VR＋PR","PR","6MWT","6MWT","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)","NA",1," Journal article(s)","Y","Y","Using SAS software programming to generate random sequences, simple randomization grouping was performed. The randomly generated number A was predefined as the intervention group, and B as the control group. The grouping information was stored in light-proof, sealed envelope, which is securely stored by a designated individual who does not participate in the enrollment, intervention, testing, or statistical analysis processes. After research subjects who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria sign the informed consent form, the researcher opens the sealed envelope and records the patient's assigned group.","N",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"Y","Y","All patients were informed of the experimental protocol in advance and signed informed consent forms.","PN",null,"NA",null,"NA",null,"PY","Although two participants dropped out of the control group, the overall number of participants was large, and the baseline data were comparable.","NA",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"Y",null,"NA",null,"NA",null,"NA",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"N",null,"N",null,"Y",null,"N",null,"NA",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"N",null,"N",null,"N",null,"Some concerns","Some concerns",null,null,null,"Some concerns","Some concerns"]
["2025/06/26 17.34","A4","Feiyun Song","1672 － 9676． 2020． 13． 026","1672 － 9676． 2020． 13． 026","VR＋PR","PR","HADS","HADS total score","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)","NA",1," Journal article(s)","Y","Y","A random number table method was used to divide 44 patients into an experimental group and a control group.","N","Comparison of anxiety and depression scores between the two groups of patients before and after intervention There was no statistically significant difference in the total scores and subscale scores of the HADS scale between the two groups before intervention.","Low","Low",null,null,null,"Y","Y","Informed consent and voluntary participation.","PN",null,"NA",null,"NA",null,"PY","Although two people dropped out, the difference in the number of people in the two groups had little impact.","NA",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"Y",null,"NA",null,"NA",null,"NA",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"N",null,"N",null,"Y",null,"PN",null,"NA",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"N",null,"N",null,"N",null,"Some concerns","Some concerns",null,null,null,"Some concerns","Some concerns"]
["2025/06/26 17.42","A5","Feiyun Song","DOI:10.27351/d.cnki.gszhu.2021.001923. ","DOI:10.27351/d.cnki.gszhu.2021.001923. ","VR＋PR","PR","6MWT","m","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)","NA",1," Journal article(s)","Y","Y","Random sequences were generated using SAS software programming, duplicate numbers were removed, and the sequences were placed in sealed envelopes. define odd numbers as the experimental group and even numbers as the control group. After obtaining informed consent from the patients, the researchers opened the sealed envelopes and recorded the assigned groups.","N","There were no statistically significant differences in demographic characteristics between the study groups (P > 0.05), making them comparable. The baseline data for the observational indicators between the experimental group and the control group are shown in Table 2, with no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05).","Low","Low",null,null,null,"Y","Y","Research subjects sign informed consent forms, and researchers will inform patients of the data and results they have measured. When publishing the relevant results, researchers will not disclose patients' detailed information and results.","N",null,"NA",null,"NA",null,"Y",null,"NA",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"Y",null,"NA",null,"NA",null,"NA",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"N",null,"N",null,"Y",null,"PN",null,"NA",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"N",null,"N",null,"N",null,"Some concerns","Some concerns",null,null,null,"Some concerns","Some concerns"]
["2025/06/27 04.18","A6","Feiyun Song","．1674—7593．2017．02．004","．1674—7593．2017．02．004","VR＋PR","PR","6MWT","m","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)","NA",1," Journal article(s)","Y","Y","Patients were randomly assigned using a random number table to either the experimental group, which received virtual reality technology combined with comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation treatment, or the control group, which received comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation treatment.","N","Before enrollment, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of FEV1, FEV1/FVC, 6MWD, RDW, and CAT scores (P > 0.05).","Low","Low",null,null,null,"Y","Y",null,"PN",null,"NA",null,"NA",null,"Y",null,"NA",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"PN","The difference of 8 people between the experimental group and the control group may interfere with the results.","N",null,"NI",null,"NI",null,"High","High","The difference of 8 people between the experimental group and the control group may interfere with the results.",null,null,"N",null,"N",null,"Y",null,"PN",null,"NA",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"N",null,"N",null,"N",null,"Some concerns","Some concerns",null,null,null,"High","High","The difference of 8 people between the experimental group and the control group may interfere with the results"]
["2025/06/26 18.03","A7","Feiyun Song","018，26（6）：85-88.","018，26（6）：85-88.","VR＋PR","PR","6MWT","m","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)","NA",1," Journal article(s)","Y","Y","A random number table was used to divide all patients into a control group and a study group, with 30 cases in each group.","N","The control group included 23 males and 7 females; ages ranged from 65 to 80 years, with an average age of (74.6 ± 5.3) years; COPD severity grading: moderate in 20 cases, severe in 10 cases. In the study group, there were 24 males and 6 females; ages ranged from 65 to 80 years, with an average age of (73.6 ± 6.3) years; COPD severity classification: moderate 18 cases, severe 12 cases. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of gender (χ² = 0.098, P = 0.754), age (t = 0.665, P = 0.509), or COPD severity classification (χ² = 0.287, P = 0.592), indicating comparability.","Low","Low",null,null,null,"Y","Y","All patients were informed about this study and signed informed consent forms.","PN",null,"NA",null,"NA",null,"Y",null,"NA",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"N",null,"N",null,"Y",null,"PN",null,"NA",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"N",null,"N",null,"N",null,"Some concerns","Some concerns"]
["2025/06/26 20.07","A8","Feiyun Song","Journal of Human Kinetics ‐volume 69/2019","Journal of Human Kinetics ‐volume 69/2019","VR＋PR","PR","6MWT","6MWT","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)","NA",1," Journal article(s)","Y","Y","The randomization process is performed based on a computer program.","N","Baseline measurements did not show significant differences and were comparable.","Low","Low",null,null,null,"Y","Y",null,"PN",null,"NA",null,"NA",null,"Y",null,"NA",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"Y",null,"NA",null,"NA",null,"NA",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"N",null,"N",null,"Y",null,"PN",null,"NA",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"N",null,"N",null,"N",null,"Some concerns","Some concerns",null,null,null,"Some concerns","Some concerns"]
["2025/06/26 18.52","A9","Feiyun Song","jcm10020352","jcm10020352","VR＋PR","PR","6MWT","m","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)","NA",1," Journal article(s)","Y","Y","Randomization was performed using Research Randomizer (ratio 1:1), a web-based service that provides instant random assignment. Group assignment was performed using sealed envelopes.","N","Baseline measurements showed no significant differences and were comparable.","Low","Low",null,null,null,"PY","Y",null,"PN",null,"NA",null,"NA",null,"Y",null,"NA",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"Y",null,"NA",null,"NA",null,"NA",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"N",null,"N",null,"Y",null,"PN",null,"NA",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"N",null,"N",null,"N",null,"Some concerns","Some concerns",null,null,null,"Some concerns","Some concerns"]
["2025/06/26 19.09","A10","Feiyun Song",1187704,1187704,"VR＋PR","PR","6MWT","m","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)","NA",1,null,"Y","PY","Sixty patients with COPD and MCI were randomly divided into a control group and a study group, with 50 patients in each group.","N","There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of general data (P > 0.05), but they were comparable.","Low","Some concerns","Because the article does not specify the randomization method.",null,null,"Y","Y",null,"PN",null,"NA",null,"NA",null,"Y",null,"NA",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"Y",null,"NA",null,"NA",null,"NA",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"N",null,"N",null,"Y",null,"PN",null,"NA",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"N",null,"N",null,"N",null,"Some concerns","Some concerns"]
["2025/06/26 19.19","A11","Feiyun SOng","j.rmed.2024.107696","j.rmed.2024.107696","VR＋PR","PR","HADS","HADS total score","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)","NA",1," Journal article(s)","Y","Y","Sealed envelope method was used to determine random grouping into 1:1 parallel groups (Figure 1).\r\nThe study was conducted by physical therapists, and the evaluators were unaware of the group assignments.","N","The baseline characteristics and number of rides were similar between the two groups.","Low","Low",null,null,null,"Y","N",null,"PN","The study was conducted by physical therapists, and the evaluators were unaware of the group assignments.","NA",null,"NA",null,"Y",null,"NA",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"Y",null,"NA",null,"NA",null,"NA",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"N",null,"PY","Among 95 patients with exacerbated COPD, 61 patients were randomly assigned to groups. A total of 11 patients were excluded: 8 due to early discharge, 1 due to COVID-19 infection, 1 due to the need for ICU care, and 1 due to dizziness. Data from 50 patients were analyzed.","NA",null,"NA",null,"NA",null,"High","High","Among 95 patients with exacerbated COPD, 61 patients were randomly assigned to groups. A total of 11 patients were excluded: 8 due to early discharge, 1 due to COVID-19 infection, 1 due to the need for ICU care, and 1 due to dizziness. Data from 50 patients were analyzed.",null,null,"N",null,"N",null,"N",null,"Some concerns","Some concerns","Among 95 patients with exacerbated COPD, 61 patients were randomly assigned to groups. A total of 11 patients were excluded: 8 due to early discharge, 1 due to COVID-19 infection, 1 due to the need for ICU care, and 1 due to dizziness. Data from 50 patients were analyzed.",null,null,"High","High"]
["2025/06/26 19.28","A12","Feiyun Song","S223592","S223592","VR＋PR","PR","6MWT","m","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)","NA",1," Journal article(s)","Y","Y","Randomization (ratio 1:1:1) was performed using Research Randomizer, a web-based service that provides instant random assignment. Group assignments were made using sealed envelopes. The study was arranged by a physical therapist from the Physical Therapy Institute, who was not affiliated with the hospital, and who generated the random assignment sequence to include the appropriate study groups.\r\nAll patients signed a written informed consent form prior to participating in the study.","N","Baseline measurements did not show significant differences and were comparable.","Low","Low",null,null,null,"Y","Y",null,"PN",null,"NA",null,"NA",null,"Y",null,"NA",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"Y","其\r\nAll other patients completed the study with a participation rate of over 95%.\r\n","NA",null,"NA",null,"NA",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"N",null,"N",null,"Y",null,"PN",null,"NA",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"N",null,"N",null,"N",null,"Some concerns","Some concerns"]
["2025/06/26 19.35","A13","Feiyun Song","j.rmed. 2014. 07. 0040954-6111/ª 2014","j.rmed. 2014. 07. 0040954-6111/ª 2014","VR＋PR","PR","6MWT","m","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)","NA",1," Journal article(s)","Y","Y","Patients were randomly assigned\r\nAll patients signed informed consent forms.","N","Baseline measurements were comparable with no significant differences.","Low","Low",null,null,null,"Y","Y",null,"PN",null,"NA",null,"NA",null,"Y",null,"NA",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"Y",null,"NA",null,"NA",null,"NA",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"N",null,"N",null,"Y",null,"PN",null,"NA",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"N",null,"N",null,"N",null,"Some concerns","Some concerns",null,null,null,"Some concerns","Some concerns"]
["2025/06/26 19.40","A14","Feiyun Song","j.pulmoe.2019.03.007","j.pulmoe.2019.03.007","VR＋PR","PR","6MWT","m","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)","NA",1," Journal article(s)","Y","Y","In this RCT, 22 subjects were randomly divided into two groups.","N","All patients signed informed consent forms.","Low","Low",null,null,null,"Y","Y",null,"PN",null,"NA",null,"NA",null,"Y",null,"NA",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"Y",null,"NA",null,"NA",null,"NA",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"N",null,"N",null,"Y",null,"PN",null,"NA",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"N",null,"N",null,"N",null,"Some concerns","Some concerns"]
["2025/06/26 20.01","A15","Feiyun Song","Annual Review of Cybertherapy and Telemedicine 2023","Annual Review of Cybertherapy and Telemedicine 2023","VR＋PR","PR","SpO2","Mean","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)","NA",1," Journal article(s)","Y","Y","Participants were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group.","N",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"Y","Y",null,"PN",null,"NA",null,"NA",null,"Y",null,"NA",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"Y",null,"NA",null,"NA",null,"NA",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"N",null,"N",null,"PY",null,"PN",null,"NA",null,"Low","Low",null,null,null,"N",null,"N",null,"N",null,"Some concerns","Some concerns"]

{"sheet":"Summary","index":2,"n_rows":16,"n_cols":33,"rows_kept":16,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["Unique ID","Reviewer","Study ID","Reference","Experimental","Comparator","Outcome","Result","Aim","Effect of adhering to intervention?","Weight","Randomization process","Comment for randomization process","Deviations from intended interventions","Comment for deviations from intended interventions","Missing outcome data","Comment for missing outcome data","Measurement of the outcome","Comment for measurement of the outcome","Selection of the reported result","Comment for selection of the reported result","Overall Bias","Comment for overall bias",null,null,null,null,"Randomization process","Deviations from intended interventions","Mising outcome data","Measurement of the outcome","Selection of the reported result","Overall Bias"]
["A1","Feiyun Song","１０００－７４４Ｘ（２０２４）１０－１６７９－０２","１０００－７４４Ｘ（２０２４）１０－１６７９－０２","VR＋PR","PR","6MWT","ｍ","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)","NA",1,"Low",null,"Low",null,"Low",null,"Low",null,"Some concerns",null,"Low",null,null,null,null,"Assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)"]
["A2","Feiyun Song","1002－0217( 2021) 03－0291－04","1002－0217( 2021) 03－0291－04","VR＋PR","VR＋PR","6MWT","6MWT","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)","NA",1,"Low",null,"Some concerns",null,"Low",null,"Low",null,"Some concerns",null,"Low",null,null,null,null,"Total number of study = 15"]
["A3","Feiyun Song"," DOI:10.27351/d.cnki.gszhu.2020.003909. "," DOI:10.27351/d.cnki.gszhu.2020.003909. ","VR＋PR","PR","6MWT","6MWT","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)","NA",1,"Low",null,"Low",null,"Low",null,"Low",null,"Some concerns",null,"Low",null,null,null,null,"Low risk",93.3,93.3,86.7,93.3,0,6.7]
["A4","Feiyun Song","1672 － 9676． 2020． 13． 026","1672 － 9676． 2020． 13． 026","VR＋PR","PR","HADS","HADS total score","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)","NA",1,"Low",null,"Low",null,"Low",null,"Low",null,"Some concerns",null,"Low",null,null,null,null,"Some concerns",6.7,6.7,0,0,100,46.7]
["A5","Feiyun Song","DOI:10.27351/d.cnki.gszhu.2021.001923. ","DOI:10.27351/d.cnki.gszhu.2021.001923. ","VR＋PR","PR","6MWT","m","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)","NA",1,"Low",null,"Low",null,"Low",null,"Low",null,"Some concerns",null,"Low",null,null,null,null,"High risk",0,0,6.7,6.7,0,13.3]
["A6","Feiyun Song","．1674—7593．2017．02．004","．1674—7593．2017．02．004","VR＋PR","PR","6MWT","m","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)","NA",1,"Low",null,"Low",null,"High","The difference of 8 people between the experimental group and the control group may interfere with the results.","Low",null,"Some concerns","The difference of 8 people between the experimental group and the control group may interfere with the results.","High",null,null,null,null,"Adhering to intervention (the 'per-protocol' effect)"]
["A7","Feiyun Song","018，26（6）：85-88.","018，26（6）：85-88.","VR＋PR","PR","6MWT","m","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)","NA",1,"Low",null,"Low",null,"Low",null,"Low",null,"Some concerns",null,"Low",null,null,null,null,"Total number of study = 0"]
["A8","Feiyun Song","Journal of Human Kinetics ‐volume 69/2019","Journal of Human Kinetics ‐volume 69/2019","VR＋PR","PR","6MWT","6MWT","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)","NA",1,"Low",null,"Low",null,"Low",null,"Low",null,"Some concerns",null,"Low",null,null,null,null,"Low risk"]
["A9","Feiyun Song","jcm10020352","jcm10020352","VR＋PR","PR","6MWT","m","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)","NA",1,"Low",null,"Low",null,"Low",null,"Low",null,"Some concerns",null,"Low",null,null,null,null,"Some concerns"]
["A10","Feiyun Song",1187704,1187704,"VR＋PR","PR","6MWT","m","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)","NA",1,"Some concerns","Because the article does not specify the randomization method.","Low",null,"Low",null,"Low",null,"Some concerns",null,"Low",null,null,null,null,"High risk"]
["A11","Feiyun SOng","j.rmed.2024.107696","j.rmed.2024.107696","VR＋PR","PR","HADS","HADS total score","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)","NA",1,"Low",null,"Low",null,"Low",null,"High","Among 95 patients with exacerbated COPD, 61 patients were randomly assigned to groups. A total of 11 patients were excluded: 8 due to early discharge, 1 due to COVID-19 infection, 1 due to the need for ICU care, and 1 due to dizziness. Data from 50 patients were analyzed.","Some concerns","Among 95 patients with exacerbated COPD, 61 patients were randomly assigned to groups. A total of 11 patients were excluded: 8 due to early discharge, 1 due to COVID-19 infection, 1 due to the need for ICU care, and 1 due to dizziness. Data from 50 patients were analyzed.","High"]
["A12","Feiyun Song","S223592","S223592","VR＋PR","PR","6MWT","m","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)","NA",1,"Low",null,"Low",null,"Low",null,"Low",null,"Some concerns",null,"Low"]
["A13","Feiyun Song","j.rmed. 2014. 07. 0040954-6111/ª 2014","j.rmed. 2014. 07. 0040954-6111/ª 2014","VR＋PR","PR","6MWT","m","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)","NA",1,"Low",null,"Low",null,"Low",null,"Low",null,"Some concerns",null,"Low"]
["A14","Feiyun Song","j.pulmoe.2019.03.007","j.pulmoe.2019.03.007","VR＋PR","PR","6MWT","m","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)","NA",1,"Low",null,"Low",null,"Low",null,"Low",null,"Some concerns",null,"Low"]
["A15","Feiyun Song","Annual Review of Cybertherapy and Telemedicine 2023","Annual Review of Cybertherapy and Telemedicine 2023","VR＋PR","PR","SpO2","Mean","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)","NA",1,"Low",null,"Low",null,"Low",null,"Low",null,"Some concerns",null,"Low"]

{"sheet":"Figure (ITT)","index":3,"n_rows":17,"n_cols":16,"rows_kept":17,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["Intention-to-treat","Unique ID","Study ID","Experimental","Comparator","Outcome","Weight","D1","D2","D3","D4","D5","Overall"]
[null,"A1","１０００－７４４Ｘ（２０２４）１０－１６７９－０２","VR＋PR","PR","6MWT",1,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Low risk"]
[null,"A1","１０００－７４４Ｘ（２０２４）１０－１６７９－０２","VR＋PR","PR","6MWT",1,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Some concerns"]
[null,"A2","1002－0217( 2021) 03－0291－04","VR＋PR","VR＋PR","6MWT",1,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"High risk"]
[null,"A3"," DOI:10.27351/d.cnki.gszhu.2020.003909. ","VR＋PR","PR","6MWT",1]
[null,"A4","1672 － 9676． 2020． 13． 026","VR＋PR","PR","HADS",1,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"D1","Randomisation process"]
[null,"A5","DOI:10.27351/d.cnki.gszhu.2021.001923. ","VR＋PR","PR","6MWT",1,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"D2","Deviations from the intended interventions"]
[null,"A6","．1674—7593．2017．02．004","VR＋PR","PR","6MWT",1,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"D3","Missing outcome data"]
[null,"A7","018，26（6）：85-88.","VR＋PR","PR","6MWT",1,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"D4","Measurement of the outcome"]
[null,"A8","Journal of Human Kinetics ‐volume 69/2019","VR＋PR","PR","6MWT",1,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"D5","Selection of the reported result"]
[null,"A9","jcm10020352","VR＋PR","PR","6MWT",1]
[null,"A10",1187704,"VR＋PR","PR","6MWT",1]
[null,"A11","j.rmed.2024.107696","VR＋PR","PR","HADS",1]
[null,"A12","S223592","VR＋PR","PR","6MWT",1]
[null,"A13","j.rmed. 2014. 07. 0040954-6111/ª 2014","VR＋PR","PR","6MWT",1]
[null,"A14","j.pulmoe.2019.03.007","VR＋PR","PR","6MWT",1]
[null,"A15","Annual Review of Cybertherapy and Telemedicine 2023","VR＋PR","PR","SpO2",1]

{"sheet":"Figure (PP)","index":4,"n_rows":1,"n_cols":13,"rows_kept":1,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["Per-protocol","Unique ID","Study ID","Experimental","Comparator","Outcome","Weight","D1","D2","D3","D4","D5","Overall"]

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["Unique ID","A1","Study ID","１０００－７４４Ｘ（２０２４）１０－１６７９－０２","Assessor","Feiyun Song"]
["Ref or Label","１０００－７４４Ｘ（２０２４）１０－１６７９－０２","Aim","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)\n\n"]
["Experimental","VR＋PR","Comparator","PR","Source"," Journal article(s)"]
["Outcome","6MWT","Results","ｍ","Weight",1]
["Domain","Signalling question",null,null,"Response","Comments"]
["Bias arising from the randomization process","1.1 Was the allocation sequence random?",null,null,"Y","A total of 68 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) from our hospital between June 2020 and June 2023 were selected as the study subjects and randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, each with 34 cases. In the observation group, there were 21 males and 13 females; age (56.12 ± 8.32) years; disease duration (16.12 ± 7.42) years;"]
[null,"1.2 Was the allocation sequence concealed until participants were enrolled and assigned to interventions?",null,null,"PY"]
[null,"1.3 Did baseline differences between intervention groups suggest a problem with the randomization process?",null,null,"N","There were no significant differences in baseline data between the two groups prior to intervention."]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias due to deviations from intended interventions","2.1.Were participants aware of their assigned intervention during the trial?",null,null,"PY","Because participants are conducting experiments under the supervision of implementers."]
[null,"2.2.Were carers and people delivering the interventions aware of participants' assigned intervention during the trial?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"2.3. If Y/PY/NI to 2.1 or 2.2: Were there deviations from the intended intervention that arose because of the experimental context?",null,null,"N","No participants dropped out."]
[null,"2.4 If Y/PY to 2.3: Were these deviations likely to have affected the outcome?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"2.5. If Y/PY/NI to 2.4: Were these deviations from intended intervention balanced between groups?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"2.6 Was an appropriate analysis used to estimate the effect of assignment to intervention?",null,null,"Y","Exercise endurance: Assessed before intervention and at 4 weeks and 8 weeks post-intervention using a 6-minute walk test.Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 statistical software. Quantitative data are expressed as (x ± s) and were analyzed using t-tests; categorical data are expressed as percentages and were analyzed using chi-square tests. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant."]
[null,"2.7 If N/PN/NI to 2.6: Was there potential for a substantial impact (on the result) of the failure to analyse participants in the group to which they were randomized?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias due to missing outcome data","3.1 Were data for this outcome available for all, or nearly all, participants randomized?",null,null,"PY"]
[null,"3.2 If N/PN/NI to 3.1: Is there evidence that result was not biased by missing outcome data?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"3.3 If N/PN to 3.2: Could missingness in the outcome depend on its true value?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"3.4 If Y/PY/NI to 3.3: Is it likely that missingness in the outcome depended on its true value?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias in measurement of the outcome","4.1 Was the method of measuring the outcome inappropriate?",null,null,"N","A 6-minute walk is already a commonly used international measurement indicator for COPD."]
[null,"4.2 Could measurement or ascertainment of the outcome have differed between intervention groups?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"4.3 Were outcome assessors aware of the intervention received by study participants?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"4.4 If Y/PY/NI to 4.3: Could assessment of the outcome have been influenced by knowledge of intervention received?",null,null,"PN"]
[null,"4.5 If Y/PY/NI to 4.4: Is it likely that assessment of the outcome was influenced by knowledge of intervention received?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias in selection of the reported result","5.1 Were the data that produced this result analysed in accordance with a pre-specified analysis plan that was finalized before unblinded outcome data were available for analysis?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"5.2 ... multiple eligible outcome measurements (e.g. scales, definitions, time points) within the outcome domain?",null,null,"NI"]
[null,"5.3 ... multiple eligible analyses of the data?",null,null,"NI"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Some concerns"]
["Overall bias","Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
[]
[]
["Unique ID","A2","Study ID","1002－0217( 2021) 03－0291－04","Assessor","Feiyun Song"]
["Ref or Label","1002－0217( 2021) 03－0291－04","Aim","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)\n\n"]
["Experimental","VR＋PR","Comparator","VR＋PR","Source"," Journal article(s)"]
["Outcome","6MWT","Results","6MWT","Weight",1]
["Domain","Signalling question",null,null,"Response","Comments"]
["Bias arising from the randomization process","1.1 Was the allocation sequence random?",null,null,"Y","Participants were randomly assigned to an observation group (n = 25) and a control group (n = 25). During the intervention, 3 participants withdrew from the observation group and 4 withdrew from the control group. Ultimately, 22 participants were included in the observation group and 21 in the control group."]
[null,"1.2 Was the allocation sequence concealed until participants were enrolled and assigned to interventions?",null,null,"PY"]
[null,"1.3 Did baseline differences between intervention groups suggest a problem with the randomization process?",null,null,"N","The two groups of patients had comparable general clinical data (P > 0.05), as shown in Table 1."]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias due to deviations from intended interventions","2.1.Were participants aware of their assigned intervention during the trial?",null,null,"PY","The nurse and rehabilitation physician introduce the device, demonstrate it on site, and then explain each movement in detail. Patients are then invited to try it out, and the nurse in charge and rehabilitation physician promptly correct any incorrect movements."]
[null,"2.2.Were carers and people delivering the interventions aware of participants' assigned intervention during the trial?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"2.3. If Y/PY/NI to 2.1 or 2.2: Were there deviations from the intended intervention that arose because of the experimental context?",null,null,"NI","Not mentioned in the article"]
[null,"2.4 If Y/PY to 2.3: Were these deviations likely to have affected the outcome?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"2.5. If Y/PY/NI to 2.4: Were these deviations from intended intervention balanced between groups?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"2.6 Was an appropriate analysis used to estimate the effect of assignment to intervention?",null,null,"Y","Although some participants dropped out during the process, the two groups were very similar in size, and there were no differences in baseline data."]
[null,"2.7 If N/PN/NI to 2.6: Was there potential for a substantial impact (on the result) of the failure to analyse participants in the group to which they were randomized?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Some concerns"]
["Bias due to missing outcome data","3.1 Were data for this outcome available for all, or nearly all, participants randomized?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"3.2 If N/PN/NI to 3.1: Is there evidence that result was not biased by missing outcome data?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"3.3 If N/PN to 3.2: Could missingness in the outcome depend on its true value?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"3.4 If Y/PY/NI to 3.3: Is it likely that missingness in the outcome depended on its true value?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias in measurement of the outcome","4.1 Was the method of measuring the outcome inappropriate?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"4.2 Could measurement or ascertainment of the outcome have differed between intervention groups?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"4.3 Were outcome assessors aware of the intervention received by study participants?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"4.4 If Y/PY/NI to 4.3: Could assessment of the outcome have been influenced by knowledge of intervention received?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"4.5 If Y/PY/NI to 4.4: Is it likely that assessment of the outcome was influenced by knowledge of intervention received?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias in selection of the reported result","5.1 Were the data that produced this result analysed in accordance with a pre-specified analysis plan that was finalized before unblinded outcome data were available for analysis?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"5.2 ... multiple eligible outcome measurements (e.g. scales, definitions, time points) within the outcome domain?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"5.3 ... multiple eligible analyses of the data?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Some concerns"]
["Overall bias","Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Some concerns"]
[]
[]
["Unique ID","A3","Study ID"," DOI:10.27351/d.cnki.gszhu.2020.003909. ","Assessor","Feiyun Song"]
["Ref or Label"," DOI:10.27351/d.cnki.gszhu.2020.003909. ","Aim","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)\n\n"]
["Experimental","VR＋PR","Comparator","PR","Source"," Journal article(s)"]
["Outcome","6MWT","Results","6MWT","Weight",1]
["Domain","Signalling question",null,null,"Response","Comments"]
["Bias arising from the randomization process","1.1 Was the allocation sequence random?",null,null,"Y","Using SAS software programming to generate random sequences, simple randomization grouping was performed. The randomly generated number A was predefined as the intervention group, and B as the control group. The grouping information was stored in light-proof, sealed envelope, which is securely stored by a designated individual who does not participate in the enrollment, intervention, testing, or statistical analysis processes. After research subjects who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria sign the informed consent form, the researcher opens the sealed envelope and records the patient's assigned group."]
[null,"1.2 Was the allocation sequence concealed until participants were enrolled and assigned to interventions?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"1.3 Did baseline differences between intervention groups suggest a problem with the randomization process?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias due to deviations from intended interventions","2.1.Were participants aware of their assigned intervention during the trial?",null,null,"Y","All patients were informed of the experimental protocol in advance and signed informed consent forms."]
[null,"2.2.Were carers and people delivering the interventions aware of participants' assigned intervention during the trial?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"2.3. If Y/PY/NI to 2.1 or 2.2: Were there deviations from the intended intervention that arose because of the experimental context?",null,null,"PN"]
[null,"2.4 If Y/PY to 2.3: Were these deviations likely to have affected the outcome?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"2.5. If Y/PY/NI to 2.4: Were these deviations from intended intervention balanced between groups?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"2.6 Was an appropriate analysis used to estimate the effect of assignment to intervention?",null,null,"PY","Although two participants dropped out of the control group, the overall number of participants was large, and the baseline data were comparable."]
[null,"2.7 If N/PN/NI to 2.6: Was there potential for a substantial impact (on the result) of the failure to analyse participants in the group to which they were randomized?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias due to missing outcome data","3.1 Were data for this outcome available for all, or nearly all, participants randomized?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"3.2 If N/PN/NI to 3.1: Is there evidence that result was not biased by missing outcome data?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"3.3 If N/PN to 3.2: Could missingness in the outcome depend on its true value?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"3.4 If Y/PY/NI to 3.3: Is it likely that missingness in the outcome depended on its true value?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias in measurement of the outcome","4.1 Was the method of measuring the outcome inappropriate?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"4.2 Could measurement or ascertainment of the outcome have differed between intervention groups?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"4.3 Were outcome assessors aware of the intervention received by study participants?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"4.4 If Y/PY/NI to 4.3: Could assessment of the outcome have been influenced by knowledge of intervention received?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"4.5 If Y/PY/NI to 4.4: Is it likely that assessment of the outcome was influenced by knowledge of intervention received?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias in selection of the reported result","5.1 Were the data that produced this result analysed in accordance with a pre-specified analysis plan that was finalized before unblinded outcome data were available for analysis?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"5.2 ... multiple eligible outcome measurements (e.g. scales, definitions, time points) within the outcome domain?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"5.3 ... multiple eligible analyses of the data?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Some concerns"]
["Overall bias","Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Some concerns"]
[]
[]
["Unique ID","A4","Study ID","1672 － 9676． 2020． 13． 026","Assessor","Feiyun Song"]
["Ref or Label","1672 － 9676． 2020． 13． 026","Aim","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)\n\n"]
["Experimental","VR＋PR","Comparator","PR","Source"," Journal article(s)"]
["Outcome","HADS","Results","HADS total score","Weight",1]
["Domain","Signalling question",null,null,"Response","Comments"]
["Bias arising from the randomization process","1.1 Was the allocation sequence random?",null,null,"Y","A random number table method was used to divide 44 patients into an experimental group and a control group."]
[null,"1.2 Was the allocation sequence concealed until participants were enrolled and assigned to interventions?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"1.3 Did baseline differences between intervention groups suggest a problem with the randomization process?",null,null,"N","Comparison of anxiety and depression scores between the two groups of patients before and after intervention There was no statistically significant difference in the total scores and subscale scores of the HADS scale between the two groups before intervention."]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias due to deviations from intended interventions","2.1.Were participants aware of their assigned intervention during the trial?",null,null,"Y","Informed consent and voluntary participation."]
[null,"2.2.Were carers and people delivering the interventions aware of participants' assigned intervention during the trial?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"2.3. If Y/PY/NI to 2.1 or 2.2: Were there deviations from the intended intervention that arose because of the experimental context?",null,null,"PN"]
[null,"2.4 If Y/PY to 2.3: Were these deviations likely to have affected the outcome?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"2.5. If Y/PY/NI to 2.4: Were these deviations from intended intervention balanced between groups?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"2.6 Was an appropriate analysis used to estimate the effect of assignment to intervention?",null,null,"PY","Although two people dropped out, the difference in the number of people in the two groups had little impact."]
[null,"2.7 If N/PN/NI to 2.6: Was there potential for a substantial impact (on the result) of the failure to analyse participants in the group to which they were randomized?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias due to missing outcome data","3.1 Were data for this outcome available for all, or nearly all, participants randomized?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"3.2 If N/PN/NI to 3.1: Is there evidence that result was not biased by missing outcome data?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"3.3 If N/PN to 3.2: Could missingness in the outcome depend on its true value?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"3.4 If Y/PY/NI to 3.3: Is it likely that missingness in the outcome depended on its true value?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias in measurement of the outcome","4.1 Was the method of measuring the outcome inappropriate?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"4.2 Could measurement or ascertainment of the outcome have differed between intervention groups?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"4.3 Were outcome assessors aware of the intervention received by study participants?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"4.4 If Y/PY/NI to 4.3: Could assessment of the outcome have been influenced by knowledge of intervention received?",null,null,"PN"]
[null,"4.5 If Y/PY/NI to 4.4: Is it likely that assessment of the outcome was influenced by knowledge of intervention received?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias in selection of the reported result","5.1 Were the data that produced this result analysed in accordance with a pre-specified analysis plan that was finalized before unblinded outcome data were available for analysis?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"5.2 ... multiple eligible outcome measurements (e.g. scales, definitions, time points) within the outcome domain?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"5.3 ... multiple eligible analyses of the data?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Some concerns"]
["Overall bias","Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Some concerns"]
[]
[]
["Unique ID","A5","Study ID","DOI:10.27351/d.cnki.gszhu.2021.001923. ","Assessor","Feiyun Song"]
["Ref or Label","DOI:10.27351/d.cnki.gszhu.2021.001923. ","Aim","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)\n\n"]
["Experimental","VR＋PR","Comparator","PR","Source"," Journal article(s)"]
["Outcome","6MWT","Results","m","Weight",1]
["Domain","Signalling question",null,null,"Response","Comments"]
["Bias arising from the randomization process","1.1 Was the allocation sequence random?",null,null,"Y","Random sequences were generated using SAS software programming, duplicate numbers were removed, and the sequences were placed in sealed envelopes. define odd numbers as the experimental group and even numbers as the control group. After obtaining informed consent from the patients, the researchers opened the sealed envelopes and recorded the assigned groups."]
[null,"1.2 Was the allocation sequence concealed until participants were enrolled and assigned to interventions?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"1.3 Did baseline differences between intervention groups suggest a problem with the randomization process?",null,null,"N","There were no statistically significant differences in demographic characteristics between the study groups (P > 0.05), making them comparable. The baseline data for the observational indicators between the experimental group and the control group are shown in Table 2, with no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05)."]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias due to deviations from intended interventions","2.1.Were participants aware of their assigned intervention during the trial?",null,null,"Y","Research subjects sign informed consent forms, and researchers will inform patients of the data and results they have measured. When publishing the relevant results, researchers will not disclose patients' detailed information and results."]
[null,"2.2.Were carers and people delivering the interventions aware of participants' assigned intervention during the trial?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"2.3. If Y/PY/NI to 2.1 or 2.2: Were there deviations from the intended intervention that arose because of the experimental context?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"2.4 If Y/PY to 2.3: Were these deviations likely to have affected the outcome?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"2.5. If Y/PY/NI to 2.4: Were these deviations from intended intervention balanced between groups?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"2.6 Was an appropriate analysis used to estimate the effect of assignment to intervention?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"2.7 If N/PN/NI to 2.6: Was there potential for a substantial impact (on the result) of the failure to analyse participants in the group to which they were randomized?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias due to missing outcome data","3.1 Were data for this outcome available for all, or nearly all, participants randomized?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"3.2 If N/PN/NI to 3.1: Is there evidence that result was not biased by missing outcome data?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"3.3 If N/PN to 3.2: Could missingness in the outcome depend on its true value?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"3.4 If Y/PY/NI to 3.3: Is it likely that missingness in the outcome depended on its true value?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias in measurement of the outcome","4.1 Was the method of measuring the outcome inappropriate?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"4.2 Could measurement or ascertainment of the outcome have differed between intervention groups?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"4.3 Were outcome assessors aware of the intervention received by study participants?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"4.4 If Y/PY/NI to 4.3: Could assessment of the outcome have been influenced by knowledge of intervention received?",null,null,"PN"]
[null,"4.5 If Y/PY/NI to 4.4: Is it likely that assessment of the outcome was influenced by knowledge of intervention received?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias in selection of the reported result","5.1 Were the data that produced this result analysed in accordance with a pre-specified analysis plan that was finalized before unblinded outcome data were available for analysis?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"5.2 ... multiple eligible outcome measurements (e.g. scales, definitions, time points) within the outcome domain?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"5.3 ... multiple eligible analyses of the data?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Some concerns"]
["Overall bias","Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Some concerns"]
[]
[]
["Unique ID","A6","Study ID","．1674—7593．2017．02．004","Assessor","Feiyun Song"]
["Ref or Label","．1674—7593．2017．02．004","Aim","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)\n\n"]
["Experimental","VR＋PR","Comparator","PR","Source"," Journal article(s)"]
["Outcome","6MWT","Results","m","Weight",1]
["Domain","Signalling question",null,null,"Response","Comments"]
["Bias arising from the randomization process","1.1 Was the allocation sequence random?",null,null,"Y","Patients were randomly assigned using a random number table to either the experimental group, which received virtual reality technology combined with comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation treatment, or the control group, which received comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation treatment."]
[null,"1.2 Was the allocation sequence concealed until participants were enrolled and assigned to interventions?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"1.3 Did baseline differences between intervention groups suggest a problem with the randomization process?",null,null,"N","Before enrollment, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of FEV1, FEV1/FVC, 6MWD, RDW, and CAT scores (P > 0.05)."]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias due to deviations from intended interventions","2.1.Were participants aware of their assigned intervention during the trial?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"2.2.Were carers and people delivering the interventions aware of participants' assigned intervention during the trial?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"2.3. If Y/PY/NI to 2.1 or 2.2: Were there deviations from the intended intervention that arose because of the experimental context?",null,null,"PN"]
[null,"2.4 If Y/PY to 2.3: Were these deviations likely to have affected the outcome?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"2.5. If Y/PY/NI to 2.4: Were these deviations from intended intervention balanced between groups?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"2.6 Was an appropriate analysis used to estimate the effect of assignment to intervention?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"2.7 If N/PN/NI to 2.6: Was there potential for a substantial impact (on the result) of the failure to analyse participants in the group to which they were randomized?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias due to missing outcome data","3.1 Were data for this outcome available for all, or nearly all, participants randomized?",null,null,"PN","The difference of 8 people between the experimental group and the control group may interfere with the results."]
[null,"3.2 If N/PN/NI to 3.1: Is there evidence that result was not biased by missing outcome data?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"3.3 If N/PN to 3.2: Could missingness in the outcome depend on its true value?",null,null,"NI"]
[null,"3.4 If Y/PY/NI to 3.3: Is it likely that missingness in the outcome depended on its true value?",null,null,"NI"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"High","The difference of 8 people between the experimental group and the control group may interfere with the results."]
["Bias in measurement of the outcome","4.1 Was the method of measuring the outcome inappropriate?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"4.2 Could measurement or ascertainment of the outcome have differed between intervention groups?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"4.3 Were outcome assessors aware of the intervention received by study participants?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"4.4 If Y/PY/NI to 4.3: Could assessment of the outcome have been influenced by knowledge of intervention received?",null,null,"PN"]
[null,"4.5 If Y/PY/NI to 4.4: Is it likely that assessment of the outcome was influenced by knowledge of intervention received?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias in selection of the reported result","5.1 Were the data that produced this result analysed in accordance with a pre-specified analysis plan that was finalized before unblinded outcome data were available for analysis?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"5.2 ... multiple eligible outcome measurements (e.g. scales, definitions, time points) within the outcome domain?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"5.3 ... multiple eligible analyses of the data?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Some concerns"]
["Overall bias","Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"High","The difference of 8 people between the experimental group and the control group may interfere with the results"]
[]
[]
["Unique ID","A7","Study ID","018，26（6）：85-88.","Assessor","Feiyun Song"]
["Ref or Label","018，26（6）：85-88.","Aim","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)\n\n"]
["Experimental","VR＋PR","Comparator","PR","Source"," Journal article(s)"]
["Outcome","6MWT","Results","m","Weight",1]
["Domain","Signalling question",null,null,"Response","Comments"]
["Bias arising from the randomization process","1.1 Was the allocation sequence random?",null,null,"Y","A random number table was used to divide all patients into a control group and a study group, with 30 cases in each group."]
[null,"1.2 Was the allocation sequence concealed until participants were enrolled and assigned to interventions?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"1.3 Did baseline differences between intervention groups suggest a problem with the randomization process?",null,null,"N","The control group included 23 males and 7 females; ages ranged from 65 to 80 years, with an average age of (74.6 ± 5.3) years; COPD severity grading: moderate in 20 cases, severe in 10 cases. In the study group, there were 24 males and 6 females; ages ranged from 65 to 80 years, with an average age of (73.6 ± 6.3) years; COPD severity classification: moderate 18 cases, severe 12 cases. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of gender (χ² = 0.098, P = 0.754), age (t = 0.665, P = 0.509), or COPD severity classification (χ² = 0.287, P = 0.592), indicating comparability."]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias due to deviations from intended interventions","2.1.Were participants aware of their assigned intervention during the trial?",null,null,"Y","All patients were informed about this study and signed informed consent forms."]
[null,"2.2.Were carers and people delivering the interventions aware of participants' assigned intervention during the trial?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"2.3. If Y/PY/NI to 2.1 or 2.2: Were there deviations from the intended intervention that arose because of the experimental context?",null,null,"PN"]
[null,"2.4 If Y/PY to 2.3: Were these deviations likely to have affected the outcome?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"2.5. If Y/PY/NI to 2.4: Were these deviations from intended intervention balanced between groups?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"2.6 Was an appropriate analysis used to estimate the effect of assignment to intervention?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"2.7 If N/PN/NI to 2.6: Was there potential for a substantial impact (on the result) of the failure to analyse participants in the group to which they were randomized?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias due to missing outcome data","3.1 Were data for this outcome available for all, or nearly all, participants randomized?"]
[null,"3.2 If N/PN/NI to 3.1: Is there evidence that result was not biased by missing outcome data?"]
[null,"3.3 If N/PN to 3.2: Could missingness in the outcome depend on its true value?"]
[null,"3.4 If Y/PY/NI to 3.3: Is it likely that missingness in the outcome depended on its true value?"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement"]
["Bias in measurement of the outcome","4.1 Was the method of measuring the outcome inappropriate?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"4.2 Could measurement or ascertainment of the outcome have differed between intervention groups?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"4.3 Were outcome assessors aware of the intervention received by study participants?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"4.4 If Y/PY/NI to 4.3: Could assessment of the outcome have been influenced by knowledge of intervention received?",null,null,"PN"]
[null,"4.5 If Y/PY/NI to 4.4: Is it likely that assessment of the outcome was influenced by knowledge of intervention received?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias in selection of the reported result","5.1 Were the data that produced this result analysed in accordance with a pre-specified analysis plan that was finalized before unblinded outcome data were available for analysis?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"5.2 ... multiple eligible outcome measurements (e.g. scales, definitions, time points) within the outcome domain?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"5.3 ... multiple eligible analyses of the data?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Some concerns"]
["Overall bias","Risk of bias judgement"]
[]
[]
["Unique ID","A8","Study ID","Journal of Human Kinetics ‐volume 69/2019","Assessor","Feiyun Song"]
["Ref or Label","Journal of Human Kinetics ‐volume 69/2019","Aim","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)\n\n"]
["Experimental","VR＋PR","Comparator","PR","Source"," Journal article(s)"]
["Outcome","6MWT","Results","6MWT","Weight",1]
["Domain","Signalling question",null,null,"Response","Comments"]
["Bias arising from the randomization process","1.1 Was the allocation sequence random?",null,null,"Y","The randomization process is performed based on a computer program."]
[null,"1.2 Was the allocation sequence concealed until participants were enrolled and assigned to interventions?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"1.3 Did baseline differences between intervention groups suggest a problem with the randomization process?",null,null,"N","Baseline measurements did not show significant differences and were comparable."]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias due to deviations from intended interventions","2.1.Were participants aware of their assigned intervention during the trial?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"2.2.Were carers and people delivering the interventions aware of participants' assigned intervention during the trial?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"2.3. If Y/PY/NI to 2.1 or 2.2: Were there deviations from the intended intervention that arose because of the experimental context?",null,null,"PN"]
[null,"2.4 If Y/PY to 2.3: Were these deviations likely to have affected the outcome?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"2.5. If Y/PY/NI to 2.4: Were these deviations from intended intervention balanced between groups?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"2.6 Was an appropriate analysis used to estimate the effect of assignment to intervention?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"2.7 If N/PN/NI to 2.6: Was there potential for a substantial impact (on the result) of the failure to analyse participants in the group to which they were randomized?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias due to missing outcome data","3.1 Were data for this outcome available for all, or nearly all, participants randomized?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"3.2 If N/PN/NI to 3.1: Is there evidence that result was not biased by missing outcome data?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"3.3 If N/PN to 3.2: Could missingness in the outcome depend on its true value?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"3.4 If Y/PY/NI to 3.3: Is it likely that missingness in the outcome depended on its true value?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias in measurement of the outcome","4.1 Was the method of measuring the outcome inappropriate?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"4.2 Could measurement or ascertainment of the outcome have differed between intervention groups?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"4.3 Were outcome assessors aware of the intervention received by study participants?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"4.4 If Y/PY/NI to 4.3: Could assessment of the outcome have been influenced by knowledge of intervention received?",null,null,"PN"]
[null,"4.5 If Y/PY/NI to 4.4: Is it likely that assessment of the outcome was influenced by knowledge of intervention received?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias in selection of the reported result","5.1 Were the data that produced this result analysed in accordance with a pre-specified analysis plan that was finalized before unblinded outcome data were available for analysis?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"5.2 ... multiple eligible outcome measurements (e.g. scales, definitions, time points) within the outcome domain?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"5.3 ... multiple eligible analyses of the data?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Some concerns"]
["Overall bias","Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Some concerns"]
[]
[]
["Unique ID","A9","Study ID","jcm10020352","Assessor","Feiyun Song"]
["Ref or Label","jcm10020352","Aim","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)\n\n"]
["Experimental","VR＋PR","Comparator","PR","Source"," Journal article(s)"]
["Outcome","6MWT","Results","m","Weight",1]
["Domain","Signalling question",null,null,"Response","Comments"]
["Bias arising from the randomization process","1.1 Was the allocation sequence random?",null,null,"Y","Randomization was performed using Research Randomizer (ratio 1:1), a web-based service that provides instant random assignment. Group assignment was performed using sealed envelopes."]
[null,"1.2 Was the allocation sequence concealed until participants were enrolled and assigned to interventions?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"1.3 Did baseline differences between intervention groups suggest a problem with the randomization process?",null,null,"N","Baseline measurements showed no significant differences and were comparable."]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias due to deviations from intended interventions","2.1.Were participants aware of their assigned intervention during the trial?",null,null,"PY"]
[null,"2.2.Were carers and people delivering the interventions aware of participants' assigned intervention during the trial?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"2.3. If Y/PY/NI to 2.1 or 2.2: Were there deviations from the intended intervention that arose because of the experimental context?",null,null,"PN"]
[null,"2.4 If Y/PY to 2.3: Were these deviations likely to have affected the outcome?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"2.5. If Y/PY/NI to 2.4: Were these deviations from intended intervention balanced between groups?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"2.6 Was an appropriate analysis used to estimate the effect of assignment to intervention?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"2.7 If N/PN/NI to 2.6: Was there potential for a substantial impact (on the result) of the failure to analyse participants in the group to which they were randomized?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias due to missing outcome data","3.1 Were data for this outcome available for all, or nearly all, participants randomized?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"3.2 If N/PN/NI to 3.1: Is there evidence that result was not biased by missing outcome data?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"3.3 If N/PN to 3.2: Could missingness in the outcome depend on its true value?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"3.4 If Y/PY/NI to 3.3: Is it likely that missingness in the outcome depended on its true value?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias in measurement of the outcome","4.1 Was the method of measuring the outcome inappropriate?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"4.2 Could measurement or ascertainment of the outcome have differed between intervention groups?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"4.3 Were outcome assessors aware of the intervention received by study participants?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"4.4 If Y/PY/NI to 4.3: Could assessment of the outcome have been influenced by knowledge of intervention received?",null,null,"PN"]
[null,"4.5 If Y/PY/NI to 4.4: Is it likely that assessment of the outcome was influenced by knowledge of intervention received?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias in selection of the reported result","5.1 Were the data that produced this result analysed in accordance with a pre-specified analysis plan that was finalized before unblinded outcome data were available for analysis?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"5.2 ... multiple eligible outcome measurements (e.g. scales, definitions, time points) within the outcome domain?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"5.3 ... multiple eligible analyses of the data?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Some concerns"]
["Overall bias","Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Some concerns"]
[]
[]
["Unique ID","A10","Study ID",1187704,"Assessor","Feiyun Song"]
["Ref or Label",1187704,"Aim","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)\n\n"]
["Experimental","VR＋PR","Comparator","PR","Source"]
["Outcome","6MWT","Results","m","Weight",1]
["Domain","Signalling question",null,null,"Response","Comments"]
["Bias arising from the randomization process","1.1 Was the allocation sequence random?",null,null,"Y","Sixty patients with COPD and MCI were randomly divided into a control group and a study group, with 50 patients in each group."]
[null,"1.2 Was the allocation sequence concealed until participants were enrolled and assigned to interventions?",null,null,"PY"]
[null,"1.3 Did baseline differences between intervention groups suggest a problem with the randomization process?",null,null,"N","There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of general data (P > 0.05), but they were comparable."]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Some concerns","Because the article does not specify the randomization method."]
["Bias due to deviations from intended interventions","2.1.Were participants aware of their assigned intervention during the trial?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"2.2.Were carers and people delivering the interventions aware of participants' assigned intervention during the trial?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"2.3. If Y/PY/NI to 2.1 or 2.2: Were there deviations from the intended intervention that arose because of the experimental context?",null,null,"PN"]
[null,"2.4 If Y/PY to 2.3: Were these deviations likely to have affected the outcome?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"2.5. If Y/PY/NI to 2.4: Were these deviations from intended intervention balanced between groups?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"2.6 Was an appropriate analysis used to estimate the effect of assignment to intervention?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"2.7 If N/PN/NI to 2.6: Was there potential for a substantial impact (on the result) of the failure to analyse participants in the group to which they were randomized?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias due to missing outcome data","3.1 Were data for this outcome available for all, or nearly all, participants randomized?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"3.2 If N/PN/NI to 3.1: Is there evidence that result was not biased by missing outcome data?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"3.3 If N/PN to 3.2: Could missingness in the outcome depend on its true value?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"3.4 If Y/PY/NI to 3.3: Is it likely that missingness in the outcome depended on its true value?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias in measurement of the outcome","4.1 Was the method of measuring the outcome inappropriate?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"4.2 Could measurement or ascertainment of the outcome have differed between intervention groups?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"4.3 Were outcome assessors aware of the intervention received by study participants?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"4.4 If Y/PY/NI to 4.3: Could assessment of the outcome have been influenced by knowledge of intervention received?",null,null,"PN"]
[null,"4.5 If Y/PY/NI to 4.4: Is it likely that assessment of the outcome was influenced by knowledge of intervention received?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias in selection of the reported result","5.1 Were the data that produced this result analysed in accordance with a pre-specified analysis plan that was finalized before unblinded outcome data were available for analysis?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"5.2 ... multiple eligible outcome measurements (e.g. scales, definitions, time points) within the outcome domain?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"5.3 ... multiple eligible analyses of the data?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Some concerns"]
["Overall bias","Risk of bias judgement"]
[]
[]
["Unique ID","A11","Study ID","j.rmed.2024.107696","Assessor","Feiyun SOng"]
["Ref or Label","j.rmed.2024.107696","Aim","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)\n\n"]
["Experimental","VR＋PR","Comparator","PR","Source"," Journal article(s)"]
["Outcome","HADS","Results","HADS total score","Weight",1]
["Domain","Signalling question",null,null,"Response","Comments"]
["Bias arising from the randomization process","1.1 Was the allocation sequence random?",null,null,"Y","Sealed envelope method was used to determine random grouping into 1:1 parallel groups (Figure 1).\r\nThe study was conducted by physical therapists, and the evaluators were unaware of the group assignments."]
[null,"1.2 Was the allocation sequence concealed until participants were enrolled and assigned to interventions?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"1.3 Did baseline differences between intervention groups suggest a problem with the randomization process?",null,null,"N","The baseline characteristics and number of rides were similar between the two groups."]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias due to deviations from intended interventions","2.1.Were participants aware of their assigned intervention during the trial?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"2.2.Were carers and people delivering the interventions aware of participants' assigned intervention during the trial?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"2.3. If Y/PY/NI to 2.1 or 2.2: Were there deviations from the intended intervention that arose because of the experimental context?",null,null,"PN","The study was conducted by physical therapists, and the evaluators were unaware of the group assignments."]
[null,"2.4 If Y/PY to 2.3: Were these deviations likely to have affected the outcome?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"2.5. If Y/PY/NI to 2.4: Were these deviations from intended intervention balanced between groups?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"2.6 Was an appropriate analysis used to estimate the effect of assignment to intervention?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"2.7 If N/PN/NI to 2.6: Was there potential for a substantial impact (on the result) of the failure to analyse participants in the group to which they were randomized?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias due to missing outcome data","3.1 Were data for this outcome available for all, or nearly all, participants randomized?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"3.2 If N/PN/NI to 3.1: Is there evidence that result was not biased by missing outcome data?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"3.3 If N/PN to 3.2: Could missingness in the outcome depend on its true value?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"3.4 If Y/PY/NI to 3.3: Is it likely that missingness in the outcome depended on its true value?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias in measurement of the outcome","4.1 Was the method of measuring the outcome inappropriate?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"4.2 Could measurement or ascertainment of the outcome have differed between intervention groups?",null,null,"PY","Among 95 patients with exacerbated COPD, 61 patients were randomly assigned to groups. A total of 11 patients were excluded: 8 due to early discharge, 1 due to COVID-19 infection, 1 due to the need for ICU care, and 1 due to dizziness. Data from 50 patients were analyzed."]
[null,"4.3 Were outcome assessors aware of the intervention received by study participants?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"4.4 If Y/PY/NI to 4.3: Could assessment of the outcome have been influenced by knowledge of intervention received?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"4.5 If Y/PY/NI to 4.4: Is it likely that assessment of the outcome was influenced by knowledge of intervention received?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"High","Among 95 patients with exacerbated COPD, 61 patients were randomly assigned to groups. A total of 11 patients were excluded: 8 due to early discharge, 1 due to COVID-19 infection, 1 due to the need for ICU care, and 1 due to dizziness. Data from 50 patients were analyzed."]
["Bias in selection of the reported result","5.1 Were the data that produced this result analysed in accordance with a pre-specified analysis plan that was finalized before unblinded outcome data were available for analysis?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"5.2 ... multiple eligible outcome measurements (e.g. scales, definitions, time points) within the outcome domain?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"5.3 ... multiple eligible analyses of the data?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Some concerns","Among 95 patients with exacerbated COPD, 61 patients were randomly assigned to groups. A total of 11 patients were excluded: 8 due to early discharge, 1 due to COVID-19 infection, 1 due to the need for ICU care, and 1 due to dizziness. Data from 50 patients were analyzed."]
["Overall bias","Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"High"]
[]
[]
["Unique ID","A12","Study ID","S223592","Assessor","Feiyun Song"]
["Ref or Label","S223592","Aim","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)\n\n"]
["Experimental","VR＋PR","Comparator","PR","Source"," Journal article(s)"]
["Outcome","6MWT","Results","m","Weight",1]
["Domain","Signalling question",null,null,"Response","Comments"]
["Bias arising from the randomization process","1.1 Was the allocation sequence random?",null,null,"Y","Randomization (ratio 1:1:1) was performed using Research Randomizer, a web-based service that provides instant random assignment. Group assignments were made using sealed envelopes. The study was arranged by a physical therapist from the Physical Therapy Institute, who was not affiliated with the hospital, and who generated the random assignment sequence to include the appropriate study groups.\r\nAll patients signed a written informed consent form prior to participating in the study."]
[null,"1.2 Was the allocation sequence concealed until participants were enrolled and assigned to interventions?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"1.3 Did baseline differences between intervention groups suggest a problem with the randomization process?",null,null,"N","Baseline measurements did not show significant differences and were comparable."]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias due to deviations from intended interventions","2.1.Were participants aware of their assigned intervention during the trial?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"2.2.Were carers and people delivering the interventions aware of participants' assigned intervention during the trial?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"2.3. If Y/PY/NI to 2.1 or 2.2: Were there deviations from the intended intervention that arose because of the experimental context?",null,null,"PN"]
[null,"2.4 If Y/PY to 2.3: Were these deviations likely to have affected the outcome?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"2.5. If Y/PY/NI to 2.4: Were these deviations from intended intervention balanced between groups?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"2.6 Was an appropriate analysis used to estimate the effect of assignment to intervention?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"2.7 If N/PN/NI to 2.6: Was there potential for a substantial impact (on the result) of the failure to analyse participants in the group to which they were randomized?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias due to missing outcome data","3.1 Were data for this outcome available for all, or nearly all, participants randomized?",null,null,"Y","其\r\nAll other patients completed the study with a participation rate of over 95%.\r\n"]
[null,"3.2 If N/PN/NI to 3.1: Is there evidence that result was not biased by missing outcome data?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"3.3 If N/PN to 3.2: Could missingness in the outcome depend on its true value?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"3.4 If Y/PY/NI to 3.3: Is it likely that missingness in the outcome depended on its true value?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias in measurement of the outcome","4.1 Was the method of measuring the outcome inappropriate?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"4.2 Could measurement or ascertainment of the outcome have differed between intervention groups?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"4.3 Were outcome assessors aware of the intervention received by study participants?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"4.4 If Y/PY/NI to 4.3: Could assessment of the outcome have been influenced by knowledge of intervention received?",null,null,"PN"]
[null,"4.5 If Y/PY/NI to 4.4: Is it likely that assessment of the outcome was influenced by knowledge of intervention received?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias in selection of the reported result","5.1 Were the data that produced this result analysed in accordance with a pre-specified analysis plan that was finalized before unblinded outcome data were available for analysis?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"5.2 ... multiple eligible outcome measurements (e.g. scales, definitions, time points) within the outcome domain?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"5.3 ... multiple eligible analyses of the data?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Some concerns"]
["Overall bias","Risk of bias judgement"]
[]
[]
["Unique ID","A13","Study ID","j.rmed. 2014. 07. 0040954-6111/ª 2014","Assessor","Feiyun Song"]
["Ref or Label","j.rmed. 2014. 07. 0040954-6111/ª 2014","Aim","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)\n\n"]
["Experimental","VR＋PR","Comparator","PR","Source"," Journal article(s)"]
["Outcome","6MWT","Results","m","Weight",1]
["Domain","Signalling question",null,null,"Response","Comments"]
["Bias arising from the randomization process","1.1 Was the allocation sequence random?",null,null,"Y","Patients were randomly assigned\r\nAll patients signed informed consent forms."]
[null,"1.2 Was the allocation sequence concealed until participants were enrolled and assigned to interventions?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"1.3 Did baseline differences between intervention groups suggest a problem with the randomization process?",null,null,"N","Baseline measurements were comparable with no significant differences."]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias due to deviations from intended interventions","2.1.Were participants aware of their assigned intervention during the trial?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"2.2.Were carers and people delivering the interventions aware of participants' assigned intervention during the trial?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"2.3. If Y/PY/NI to 2.1 or 2.2: Were there deviations from the intended intervention that arose because of the experimental context?",null,null,"PN"]
[null,"2.4 If Y/PY to 2.3: Were these deviations likely to have affected the outcome?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"2.5. If Y/PY/NI to 2.4: Were these deviations from intended intervention balanced between groups?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"2.6 Was an appropriate analysis used to estimate the effect of assignment to intervention?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"2.7 If N/PN/NI to 2.6: Was there potential for a substantial impact (on the result) of the failure to analyse participants in the group to which they were randomized?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias due to missing outcome data","3.1 Were data for this outcome available for all, or nearly all, participants randomized?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"3.2 If N/PN/NI to 3.1: Is there evidence that result was not biased by missing outcome data?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"3.3 If N/PN to 3.2: Could missingness in the outcome depend on its true value?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"3.4 If Y/PY/NI to 3.3: Is it likely that missingness in the outcome depended on its true value?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias in measurement of the outcome","4.1 Was the method of measuring the outcome inappropriate?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"4.2 Could measurement or ascertainment of the outcome have differed between intervention groups?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"4.3 Were outcome assessors aware of the intervention received by study participants?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"4.4 If Y/PY/NI to 4.3: Could assessment of the outcome have been influenced by knowledge of intervention received?",null,null,"PN"]
[null,"4.5 If Y/PY/NI to 4.4: Is it likely that assessment of the outcome was influenced by knowledge of intervention received?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias in selection of the reported result","5.1 Were the data that produced this result analysed in accordance with a pre-specified analysis plan that was finalized before unblinded outcome data were available for analysis?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"5.2 ... multiple eligible outcome measurements (e.g. scales, definitions, time points) within the outcome domain?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"5.3 ... multiple eligible analyses of the data?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Some concerns"]
["Overall bias","Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Some concerns"]
[]
[]
["Unique ID","A14","Study ID","j.pulmoe.2019.03.007","Assessor","Feiyun Song"]
["Ref or Label","j.pulmoe.2019.03.007","Aim","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)\n\n"]
["Experimental","VR＋PR","Comparator","PR","Source"," Journal article(s)"]
["Outcome","6MWT","Results","m","Weight",1]
["Domain","Signalling question",null,null,"Response","Comments"]
["Bias arising from the randomization process","1.1 Was the allocation sequence random?",null,null,"Y","In this RCT, 22 subjects were randomly divided into two groups."]
[null,"1.2 Was the allocation sequence concealed until participants were enrolled and assigned to interventions?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"1.3 Did baseline differences between intervention groups suggest a problem with the randomization process?",null,null,"N","All patients signed informed consent forms."]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias due to deviations from intended interventions","2.1.Were participants aware of their assigned intervention during the trial?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"2.2.Were carers and people delivering the interventions aware of participants' assigned intervention during the trial?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"2.3. If Y/PY/NI to 2.1 or 2.2: Were there deviations from the intended intervention that arose because of the experimental context?",null,null,"PN"]
[null,"2.4 If Y/PY to 2.3: Were these deviations likely to have affected the outcome?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"2.5. If Y/PY/NI to 2.4: Were these deviations from intended intervention balanced between groups?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"2.6 Was an appropriate analysis used to estimate the effect of assignment to intervention?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"2.7 If N/PN/NI to 2.6: Was there potential for a substantial impact (on the result) of the failure to analyse participants in the group to which they were randomized?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias due to missing outcome data","3.1 Were data for this outcome available for all, or nearly all, participants randomized?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"3.2 If N/PN/NI to 3.1: Is there evidence that result was not biased by missing outcome data?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"3.3 If N/PN to 3.2: Could missingness in the outcome depend on its true value?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"3.4 If Y/PY/NI to 3.3: Is it likely that missingness in the outcome depended on its true value?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias in measurement of the outcome","4.1 Was the method of measuring the outcome inappropriate?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"4.2 Could measurement or ascertainment of the outcome have differed between intervention groups?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"4.3 Were outcome assessors aware of the intervention received by study participants?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"4.4 If Y/PY/NI to 4.3: Could assessment of the outcome have been influenced by knowledge of intervention received?",null,null,"PN"]
[null,"4.5 If Y/PY/NI to 4.4: Is it likely that assessment of the outcome was influenced by knowledge of intervention received?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias in selection of the reported result","5.1 Were the data that produced this result analysed in accordance with a pre-specified analysis plan that was finalized before unblinded outcome data were available for analysis?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"5.2 ... multiple eligible outcome measurements (e.g. scales, definitions, time points) within the outcome domain?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"5.3 ... multiple eligible analyses of the data?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Some concerns"]
["Overall bias","Risk of bias judgement"]
[]
[]
["Unique ID","A15","Study ID","Annual Review of Cybertherapy and Telemedicine 2023","Assessor","Feiyun Song"]
["Ref or Label","Annual Review of Cybertherapy and Telemedicine 2023","Aim","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)\n\n"]
["Experimental","VR＋PR","Comparator","PR","Source"," Journal article(s)"]
["Outcome","SpO2","Results","Mean","Weight",1]
["Domain","Signalling question",null,null,"Response","Comments"]
["Bias arising from the randomization process","1.1 Was the allocation sequence random?",null,null,"Y","Participants were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group."]
[null,"1.2 Was the allocation sequence concealed until participants were enrolled and assigned to interventions?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"1.3 Did baseline differences between intervention groups suggest a problem with the randomization process?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias due to deviations from intended interventions","2.1.Were participants aware of their assigned intervention during the trial?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"2.2.Were carers and people delivering the interventions aware of participants' assigned intervention during the trial?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"2.3. If Y/PY/NI to 2.1 or 2.2: Were there deviations from the intended intervention that arose because of the experimental context?",null,null,"PN"]
[null,"2.4 If Y/PY to 2.3: Were these deviations likely to have affected the outcome?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"2.5. If Y/PY/NI to 2.4: Were these deviations from intended intervention balanced between groups?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"2.6 Was an appropriate analysis used to estimate the effect of assignment to intervention?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"2.7 If N/PN/NI to 2.6: Was there potential for a substantial impact (on the result) of the failure to analyse participants in the group to which they were randomized?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias due to missing outcome data","3.1 Were data for this outcome available for all, or nearly all, participants randomized?",null,null,"Y"]
[null,"3.2 If N/PN/NI to 3.1: Is there evidence that result was not biased by missing outcome data?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"3.3 If N/PN to 3.2: Could missingness in the outcome depend on its true value?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"3.4 If Y/PY/NI to 3.3: Is it likely that missingness in the outcome depended on its true value?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias in measurement of the outcome","4.1 Was the method of measuring the outcome inappropriate?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"4.2 Could measurement or ascertainment of the outcome have differed between intervention groups?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"4.3 Were outcome assessors aware of the intervention received by study participants?",null,null,"PY"]
[null,"4.4 If Y/PY/NI to 4.3: Could assessment of the outcome have been influenced by knowledge of intervention received?",null,null,"PN"]
[null,"4.5 If Y/PY/NI to 4.4: Is it likely that assessment of the outcome was influenced by knowledge of intervention received?",null,null,"NA"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Low"]
["Bias in selection of the reported result","5.1 Were the data that produced this result analysed in accordance with a pre-specified analysis plan that was finalized before unblinded outcome data were available for analysis?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"5.2 ... multiple eligible outcome measurements (e.g. scales, definitions, time points) within the outcome domain?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"5.3 ... multiple eligible analyses of the data?",null,null,"N"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement",null,null,"Some concerns"]
["Overall bias","Risk of bias judgement"]

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{"sheet":"Check","index":7,"n_rows":0,"n_cols":0,"rows_kept":0,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}

{"sheet":"Print_format (PP)","index":8,"n_rows":32,"n_cols":6,"rows_kept":32,"cut":false,"hidden":true,"merged":[[4,1,4,3],[5,1,5,3],[6,1,6,3],[7,1,7,3],[8,1,8,3],[9,1,9,3],[10,1,10,3],[11,1,11,3],[12,1,12,3],[13,1,13,3],[14,1,14,3],[15,1,15,3],[16,1,16,3],[17,1,17,3],[18,1,18,3],[19,1,19,3],[20,1,20,3],[21,1,21,3],[22,1,22,3],[23,1,23,3],[24,1,24,3],[25,1,25,3],[26,1,26,3],[27,1,27,3],[28,1,28,3],[29,1,29,3],[30,1,30,3],[31,1,31,3],[5,0,8,0],[9,0,15,0],[16,0,20,0],[21,0,26,0],[27,0,30,0],[5,5,6,5],[9,5,10,5],[18,5,19,5],[24,5,25,5]]}
["Unique ID",null,"Study ID",null,"Assessor"]
["Ref or Label",null,"Aim","adhering to intervention (the 'per-protocol' effect)","The effect of adhering to intervention…"]
["Experimental",null,"Comparator",null,"Source"]
["Outcome",null,"Results",null,"Weight"]
["Domain","Signalling question",null,null,"Response","Comments"]
["Bias arising from the randomization process","1.1 Was the allocation sequence random?"]
[null,"1.2 Was the allocation sequence concealed until participants were enrolled and assigned to interventions?"]
[null,"1.3 Did baseline differences between intervention groups suggest a problem with the randomization process?"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement"]
["Bias due to deviations from intended interventions","2.1 Were participants aware of their assigned intervention during the trial?"]
[null,"2.2 Were carers and people delivering the interventions aware of participants' assigned intervention during the trial?"]
[null,"2.3. [If applicable:] If Y/PY/NI to 2.1 or 2.2: Were important non-protocol interventions balanced across intervention groups?"]
[null,"2.4. [If applicable:] Were there failures in implementing the intervention that could have affected the outcome?"]
[null,"2.5. [If applicable:] Was there non-adherence to the assigned intervention regimen that could have affected participants’ outcomes?"]
[null,"2.6. If N/PN/NI to 2.3, or Y/PY/NI to 2.4 or 2.5: Was an appropriate analysis used to estimate the effect of adhering to the intervention?"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement"]
["Bias due to missing outcome data","3.1 Were data for this outcome available for all, or nearly all, participants randomized?"]
[null,"3.2 If N/PN/NI to 3.1: Is there evidence that result was not biased by missing outcome data?"]
[null,"3.3 If N/PN to 3.2: Could missingness in the outcome depend on its true value?"]
[null,"3.4 If Y/PY/NI to 3.3: Is it likely that missingness in the outcome depended on its true value?"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement"]
["Bias in measurement of the outcome","4.1 Was the method of measuring the outcome inappropriate?"]
[null,"4.2 Could measurement or ascertainment of the outcome have differed between intervention groups?"]
[null,"4.3 Were outcome assessors aware of the intervention received by study participants?"]
[null,"4.4 If Y/PY/NI to 4.3: Could assessment of the outcome have been influenced by knowledge of intervention received?"]
[null,"4.5 If Y/PY/NI to 4.4: Is it likely that assessment of the outcome was influenced by knowledge of intervention received?"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement"]
["Bias in selection of the reported result","5.1 Were the data that produced this result analysed in accordance with a pre-specified analysis plan that was finalized before unblinded outcome data were available for analysis?"]
[null,"5.2 ... multiple eligible outcome measurements (e.g. scales, definitions, time points) within the outcome domain?"]
[null,"5.3 ... multiple eligible analyses of the data?"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement"]
["Overall bias","Risk of bias judgement"]

{"sheet":"Print_format (ITT)","index":9,"n_rows":33,"n_cols":6,"rows_kept":33,"cut":false,"hidden":true,"merged":[[4,1,4,3],[5,1,5,3],[6,1,6,3],[7,1,7,3],[8,1,8,3],[9,1,9,3],[10,1,10,3],[11,1,11,3],[12,1,12,3],[13,1,13,3],[14,1,14,3],[15,1,15,3],[16,1,16,3],[17,1,17,3],[18,1,18,3],[19,1,19,3],[20,1,20,3],[21,1,21,3],[22,1,22,3],[23,1,23,3],[24,1,24,3],[25,1,25,3],[26,1,26,3],[27,1,27,3],[28,1,28,3],[29,1,29,3],[30,1,30,3],[31,1,31,3],[32,1,32,3],[5,0,8,0],[9,0,16,0],[17,0,21,0],[22,0,27,0],[28,0,31,0],[5,5,6,5],[9,5,10,5],[19,5,20,5],[25,5,26,5]]}
["Unique ID",null,"Study ID",null,"Assessor"]
["Ref or Label",null,"Aim","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)\n\n"]
["Experimental",null,"Comparator",null,"Source"]
["Outcome",null,"Results",null,"Weight"]
["Domain","Signalling question",null,null,"Response","Comments"]
["Bias arising from the randomization process","1.1 Was the allocation sequence random?"]
[null,"1.2 Was the allocation sequence concealed until participants were enrolled and assigned to interventions?"]
[null,"1.3 Did baseline differences between intervention groups suggest a problem with the randomization process?"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement"]
["Bias due to deviations from intended interventions","2.1.Were participants aware of their assigned intervention during the trial?"]
[null,"2.2.Were carers and people delivering the interventions aware of participants' assigned intervention during the trial?"]
[null,"2.3. If Y/PY/NI to 2.1 or 2.2: Were there deviations from the intended intervention that arose because of the experimental context?"]
[null,"2.4 If Y/PY to 2.3: Were these deviations likely to have affected the outcome?"]
[null,"2.5. If Y/PY/NI to 2.4: Were these deviations from intended intervention balanced between groups?"]
[null,"2.6 Was an appropriate analysis used to estimate the effect of assignment to intervention?"]
[null,"2.7 If N/PN/NI to 2.6: Was there potential for a substantial impact (on the result) of the failure to analyse participants in the group to which they were randomized?"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement"]
["Bias due to missing outcome data","3.1 Were data for this outcome available for all, or nearly all, participants randomized?"]
[null,"3.2 If N/PN/NI to 3.1: Is there evidence that result was not biased by missing outcome data?"]
[null,"3.3 If N/PN to 3.2: Could missingness in the outcome depend on its true value?"]
[null,"3.4 If Y/PY/NI to 3.3: Is it likely that missingness in the outcome depended on its true value?"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement"]
["Bias in measurement of the outcome","4.1 Was the method of measuring the outcome inappropriate?"]
[null,"4.2 Could measurement or ascertainment of the outcome have differed between intervention groups?"]
[null,"4.3 Were outcome assessors aware of the intervention received by study participants?"]
[null,"4.4 If Y/PY/NI to 4.3: Could assessment of the outcome have been influenced by knowledge of intervention received?"]
[null,"4.5 If Y/PY/NI to 4.4: Is it likely that assessment of the outcome was influenced by knowledge of intervention received?"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement"]
["Bias in selection of the reported result","5.1 Were the data that produced this result analysed in accordance with a pre-specified analysis plan that was finalized before unblinded outcome data were available for analysis?"]
[null,"5.2 ... multiple eligible outcome measurements (e.g. scales, definitions, time points) within the outcome domain?"]
[null,"5.3 ... multiple eligible analyses of the data?"]
[null,"Risk of bias judgement"]
["Overall bias","Risk of bias judgement"]

{"sheet":"Function Tab","index":10,"n_rows":12,"n_cols":19,"rows_kept":12,"cut":false,"hidden":true,"merged":[]}
[null,"Journal article(s)","NA","Yes",null,"1.1 Was the allocation sequence random?",null,"2.1 Were participants aware of their assigned intervention during the trial?","2.1 Were participants aware of their assigned intervention during the trial?",null,"3.1 Were data for this outcome available for all, or nearly all, participants randomized?","Individually Randomized, Parallel Group Trials","4.1 Was the method of measuring the outcome inappropriate?","assignment to intervention (the 'intention-to-treat' effect)","5.1 Were the data that produced this result analysed in accordance with a pre-specified analysis plan that was finalized before unblinded outcome data were available for analysis?",null,null,null,"occurance of non-protocol interventions"]
["NA","Trial protocol","Favours experimental ","No (Please include reasons in the note)","Y","1.2 Was the allocation sequence concealed until participants were enrolled and assigned to interventions?","Low","2.2 Were carers and people delivering the interventions aware of participants' assigned intervention during the trial?","2.2 Were carers and people delivering the interventions aware of participants' assigned intervention during the trial?",null,"3.2 If N/PN/NI to 3.1: Is there evidence that the result was not biased by missing outcome data?",null,"4.2 Could measurement or ascertainment of the outcome have differed between intervention groups?","adhering to intervention (the 'per-protocol' effect)","5.2 ... multiple eligible outcome measurements (e.g. scales, definitions, time points) within the outcome domain?",null,null,null,"failures in implementing the intervention that could have affected the outcome"]
["Y","Statistical analysis plan (SAP)","Favours comparator ",null,"PY","1.3 Did baseline differences between intervention groups suggest a problem with the randomization process?","High","2.3 [If applicable:] If Y/PY/NI to 2.1 or 2.2: Were important nonprotocol interventions balanced across intervention groups?","2.3 If Y/PY/NI to 2.1 or 2.2: Were there deviations from the intended intervention that arose because of the trial context?",null,"3.3 If N/PN to 3.2: Could missingness in the outcome depend on its true value?",null,"4.3 If N/PN/NI to 4.1 and 4.2: Were outcome assessors aware of the intervention received by study participants?",null,"5.3 ... multiple eligible analyses of the data?",null,null,null,"non-adherence to their assigned intervention by trial participants"]
["PY","Non-commercial trial registry record (e.g. ClinicalTrials.gov record)","Towards null ",null,"PN",null,"Some concerns","2.4 [If applicable:] Were there failures in implementing the intervention that could have affected the outcome?","2.4 If Y/PY to 2.3: Were these deviations likely to have affected the outcome?",null,"3.4 If Y/PY/NI to 3.3: Is it likely that missingness in the outcome depended on its true value?",null,"4.4 If Y/PY/NI to 4.3: Could assessment of the outcome have been influenced by knowledge of intervention received?"]
["PN","Company-owned trial registry record (e.g. GSK Clinical Study Register record)","Away from null ",null,"N",null,null,"2.5 [If applicable:] Was there non-adherence to the assigned intervention regimen that could have affected participants’ outcomes?","2.5. If Y/PY/NI to 2.4: Were these deviations from intended intervention balanced between groups?",null,null,null,"4.5 If Y/PY/NI to 4.4: Is it likely that assessment of the outcome was influenced by knowledge of intervention received?"]
["N","“Grey literature” (e.g. unpublished thesis)","Unpredictable",null,"NI",null,null,"2.6 If N/PN/NI to 2.3, or Y/PY/NI to 2.4 or 2.5: Was an appropriate analysis used to estimate the effect of adhering to the intervention?","2.6 Was an appropriate analysis used to estimate the effect of assignment to intervention?"]
["NI","Conference abstract(s) about the trial",null,null,null,null,null,null,"2.7 If N/PN/NI to 2.6: Was there potential for a substantial impact (on the result) of the failure to analyse participants in the group to which they were randomized?"]
[null,"Regulatory document (e.g. Clinical Study Report, Drug Approval Package)"]
[null,"Research ethics application"]
[null,"Grant database summary (e.g. NIH RePORTER, Research Councils UK Gateway to Research)"]
[null,"Personal communication with trialist"]
[null,"Personal communication with the sponsor"]